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Dive Against DebrisSurvey Lesson Guides A Survey of Underwater Marine Debris For Scuba Divers
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
07/2014 Version 2.1Slide2
We’ll talk about . . .The Damage DoneWhat is This Marine Debris Stuff?Where Does it Come From?Can We Fix This Mess?
Dive Against Debris - Dive For ChangeCreated Just For DiversSECTION 1: The Messy Problem of Marine Debris
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
2
Welcome
SECTION 1
Marine Debris
The marine debris problem and how divers can help fix the messSlide3
We’ll talk about . . .Long-term Surveys Give the Best ResultsChoose Your Survey SiteSurvey Dive ProfilesGearTake Pictures to Tell the Story
Things to Leave BehindSECTION 2: Time to Dive Against Debris
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
3
Welcome
SECTION 2
Dive Time
Plan your dive – dive your planSlide4
We’ll talk about . . .Step 1: WeighStep 2: SortStep 3: RecordStep 4: DisposeStep 5: Report
SECTION 3: Make Your Survey Count
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide4
Welcome
SECTION 3
Report Data
Reporting your dataSlide5
We’ll talk about . . .Some Final Dive Against Debris ThoughtsJoin the Project AWARE Movement
SECTION 4: Now It’s Your Turn!Welcome
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
5
SECTION 4
Your Turn!
Join AWARE divers around the world tackling marine debrisSlide6
The Messy Problem of Marine DebrisSECTION 1:Slide7
Marine Debris - The Damage DoneTens of 1000s of marine animals and seabirds die every year663 marine species
affected All sea turtle speciesNearly half of all marine mammal species20% of all seabird speciesDeaths due, mostly,
to eating and entanglement
Kills Wildlife
S1: Marine Debris
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
7Slide8
Marine Debris - The Damage DoneLarge items rub against reefsPlastic bags smother seagrass and mangrovesFishing nets and line cut into corals, sponges and anemones
Damages Environments
S1: Marine Debris
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
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Only divers have the skills to remove and report underwater marine debris
Direct human impacts
Ugly to see
Unhealthy
Costly to removeSlide9
What is This Marine Debris Stuff?
Our waste in the oceanEveryday litter like plastic bags, food wrappers, drink bottles, cigarette buttsCar batteries, kitchen appliances, fishing nets, industrial waste and moreMostly not biodegradable
Plastics break into small piecesThe waste products of our growing population are choking our ocean
planet
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
S1: Marine Debris
9Slide10
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
S1: Marine Debris
Where Does It Come From?
10
But also lost or dumped at sea
Most
comes
from the land
Ocean this way
town dumps next to the sea
untreated sewage
building & industrial waste
and more
boats and ships
oil and gas rigs
aquaculture farms
Humans are the source of all marine
debrisSlide11
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
S1: Marine Debris
Where Does It Come From?
Public littering is also a major problem
...
11
Litter
...
...washed into drains...
... streams and rivers,
or blown by the wind
Ocean this waySlide12
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
S1: Marine Debris
Where Does It Come From?
12
Mistake it for food
Once in the ocean marine debris
kills tens of 1000s of marine animals and seabirds every year
Wraps around fins, flippers, wings and throats
Damages environmentsSlide13
Can We Fix This Mess?Work together locally, nationally and internationally on the many changes needed :Policies
to manageInfrastructure to blockRegulations to controlBehaviours to reduce
Yes We Can!
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
13
S1: Marine DebrisSlide14
Dive Against Debris - Dive For Change You make the ocean safer for marine lifeThe data you collect:Supports action on marine debris Illustrates the type and amount of rubbish
Builds knowledge of impactsYou support local Project AWARE leadersYou convince others to changeWhen you Dive Against Debris you are diving for change
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
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S1: Marine DebrisSlide15
Created Just For Divers70% of rubbish entering the ocean sinks to the seafloorThe problem is big but the Project AWARE
‘s global movement of divers is strongTogether our actions make a difference
Only divers have the training, knowledge and skills to remove marine debris from underwater
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
15
S1: Marine Debris
Don’t Let Your Dives
Go to Waste!Slide16
We’ve talked aboutThe Damage DoneWhat is This Marine Debris Stuff?Where Does it Come From?Can We Fix This Mess?Dive Against Debris - Dive For Change
Created Just For DiversSECTION 1: The Messy Problem of Marine Debris
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
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S1: Marine Debris
Any Questions?
The marine debris problem and how divers can help fix the messSlide17
Time to Dive Against DebrisSECTION 2:Slide18
Plan Your DiveBuild an argument for changeHelp identify seasonal trendsWeather patternsTourist seasons
How often should we survey?No requirement, butMonthly - bestEvery other month - goodOnce per season - minimum
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
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S2: Dive Time
Repeat surveys at the same location give the best results
Plan Your DiveSlide19
Choose Your Survey Site Can return regularlyWithin dive skills and experience of all participantsSurvey fresh water lakes and rivers
Permission required?Use these considerations to choose your survey site:
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
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S2: Dive Time
Underwater or a Land Cleanup?
Only report marine debris found by divers underwater through
Dive Against Debris
Plan Your DiveSlide20
Survey Dive Profiles Safety your primary considerationBottom time and depthSet safe dive profilesBuoyancy
Properly weightedGear streamlined and securedSurvey AreaNo set areaTry to cover the same area each time you survey your site
Number of participantsBuddy team strategies
Consider the experience levels of all divers
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
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S2: Dive Time
Plan Your DiveSlide21
Dive Your PlanWork with your buddyDo not use your BCD as a lifting device
Do not overfill your mesh bagItems weighing more than 4 kgs/7 pounds should only be removed by divers trained in the use of lift bagsDo not use lift bags without training/experience.
During your dive collect marine debris - sort and record what you found on land
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
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S2: Dive Time
Dive Your PlanSlide22
GearRequired:Mesh bagsDive tool/knifeGloves
The right gear will help make your dive safe and enjoyableDive Against Debris Survey Guide
22
S2: Dive Time
Recommended:
Scissors
GPS
Weighing scales
Underwater camera
Sharps container
Blank slate and pencil
Dive Your PlanSlide23
Buoyancy ObjectsKeep yourgear bodya
nd finsoff the bottom.Remain aware
of your body’s positioning throughout your dive
Pay attention to your
buoyancy and
trim
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
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S2: Dive Time
Dive Your PlanSlide24
Sharp ObjectsDo not remove if unsafeUse a strong containerUse extra caution when removing medical sharps:
syringes, needles, scalpels, lancets, suture needlesTake care with objects that can cause a puncture wound
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
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S2: Dive Time
Dive Your PlanSlide25
Take Pictures to Tell the Story1. Photos to explain your data:Marine debris damaging the environment
Entangled animalsItems you cannot identifyMarine debris underwaterItems you did not remove
Upload these
photos
when you submit your data online
Photos not required but they illustrate the problem and convince others to act
Two types of photos to take:
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
25
S2: Dive Time
2. Photos that tell your story:
Group shots
Divers in action
Divers counting and recording debris
Surface shot of the rubbish you
removed
Use
for your blog on
My
Ocean
C
onsider
sharing
via
Facebook
® or
ScubaEarth
®
U
se
them to illustrate a story in your local paper:
Dive Your PlanSlide26
Things to Leave BehindSAFETY FIRSTItem is harmless?Perhaps leave in placeItem could cause harm?Perhaps worth small short-term disturbance to remove
Marine life soon grows on, or lives in, marine debris – should we remove these items?
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
26
S2: Dive Time
If unsure
leave it in placeSlide27
Things to Leave BehindMaterial of construction?Glass bottles & steel cansperhaps leave Hard plastics, fish traps, packaging material, etc
perhaps removeContents of Item?Batteries, fuel containers, paint cans etcremove if safeFishing nets, line and ropeSelective removal?
scissors work wellConsider these points when deciding to remove a debris item:
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
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S2: Dive TimeSlide28
We’ve talked aboutLong-term Surveys Give the Best ResultsChoose Your Survey SiteSurvey Dive ProfilesGearTake Pictures to Tell the Story
Things to Leave BehindSECTION 2: Time to Dive Against Debris
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
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S2: Managing Threats
Plan your dive – dive your plan
Any Questions?Slide29
Make Your Survey CountSECTION 3:Slide30
5 Easy Steps to Make Your Survey Count Sorting and recording debris is quick when everyone works together, follow these 5 easy steps:
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide30
S3: Report Data
1. Weigh
2. Sort
3. Record
4. Dispose
5. ReportSlide31
Step 1: WeighSubtract weight of empty bags if significantCan use fishing or kitchen scalesEstimate if no scalesRecord in kilograms or pounds
Weigh debris while still in the mesh bags:Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
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S3: Report Data
Step 1: WeighSlide32
Step 2: SortPlasticGlass & CeramicMetalRubberWood
ClothPaper/CardboardMixed MaterialsOtherEmpty mesh bags and sort debris into piles under the 9 material of construction categories:
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
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S3: Report Data
Step 2: SortSlide33
Record each debris item as 1Count miscellaneous pieces as “fragments” Combine all diver’s findings from the same survey dive on one data cardWork through each pile to record every item onto the Dive Against Debris Data Card
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
33
S3: Report Data
Step 3: Record
Step 3: RecordSlide34
Step 3: RecordHere’s a quick way to count many small pieces:Sort into similar sized pilesCount pieces in one pileMultiply by number of piles
Record as “fragments”Too small to count?
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
34
S3: Report Data
Step 3: RecordSlide35
Step 3: RecordSurvey Site LocationCity/TownState/ProvinceCountry
Survey Site GPS CoordinatesAccuracy mattersUse the point-and-click map on the online Data Submission Form, ORTake GPS readings:WGS84 / Decimal Degrees
When reporting data online you will be asked about your survey site:
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
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S3: Report Data
Step 3: RecordSlide36
Step 3: RecordAverage time spent by all buddy teams while underwater removing marine debrisRecord in minutes
i.e. 45 minutes, 115 minutesDo not include time forSurface swimsAscents/descentsNon-dive participants Sorting and recording debris
Take care to properly record your Survey Duration:
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
36
S3: Report Data
Step 3: RecordSlide37
Step 3: RecordCalculating Survey Duration Examples
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide37
S3: Report Data
Example 2
3 buddy teams
Team A & B = 2 divers each
Team C = 3 divers
Remove underwater marine debris for:
Buddy Team A: 42 mins
Buddy Team B: 48 mins
Buddy Team C: 51 mins
Combined survey time = 141 mins
141 minutes / 3 buddy teams = 47 mins
Survey Duration = 47 minutes
Example 1
1 buddy team of 2 divers
Remove underwater marine debris for:
43 mins
No other divers on the survey
Survey Duration = 43 minutes
Step 3: RecordSlide38
Step 3: RecordNumber of ParticipantsOnly count divers collecting rubbish underwaterCount individual diversDo not include non-divers
Wave ConditionsCalm, Smooth, Slight or Moderate to roughSee the Survey Guide or Data Sheet for more detailsMore information on your survey
S3: Report Data
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
38
Step 3: RecordSlide39
Step 3: RecordReport the area you surveyed to help understand the density of rubbish at your site:Easy and accurate online tool Square metres or square feet
Cannot use the online tool?Calculate area by multiplying length by breadthEstimate if no other option available
More information on your survey
S3: Report Data
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
39
Step 3: Record
Use an online tool to measure areaSlide40
Step 3: RecordEcosystemEnvironment in which your survey took placeCoral reefRocky reefKelp
MangrovesSeagrassOther (please describe)More information on your survey
S3: Report Data
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
40
Dominant Substrate
Seafloor type over which most of your survey took place
Sand
Silt
Gravel
Rock
Coral
Seagrass
Other (please describe)
Step 3: RecordSlide41
Step 3: RecordEntangled AnimalsRecord species and type of marine debrisTake photos and upload with your data
More information on your surveyS3: Report Data
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
41
Survey Depth Range
Max and min depths from which you removed debris
May be less deep than the max depth of your dive
Do not report 0 for min depth
Floating debris should not be reported
Step 3: RecordSlide42
Step 3: RecordWeather Conditions for Previous WeekWeather events that may have moved debris onto or away from your site
More information on your surveyS3: Report Data
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
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Items of Local Concern
Your top 3 problem debris items and why
Additional Information
Events that could have contributed to the debris found
Step 3: RecordSlide43
Step 4: DisposeSort for recyclingSmall amounts in street binsLocal government authority may collectTransport to a waste collection siteKnow local laws
governing disposalCheck procedures for disposing hazardous items fluorescent light tubes, light sticks/cyalumes
, fuel/oil containers etcDispose of your debris carefully so it cannot return to the ocean:
S3: Report Data
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
43
Step 4: DisposeSlide44
Step 5: Reportwww.projectaware.org/DiveAgainstDebrisYou will need a My Ocean profile
Log in or create newFollow instructions on the online formRefer to the Dive Against Debris Survey Guide for clarificationNow report your data online
S3: Report Data
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
44
Step 5: ReportSlide45
Step 5: Report I have read the Dive Against Debris Survey Guide and the data I am reporting was collected underwater, during one dive and completed by single or multiple buddy teams. I understand I should only include data on trash collected from underwater environments here. Repeat dives should be reported through separate
submissions and debris collected on land can be shared with the My Ocean community. I understand that the data I submit will be visualized on the Dive Against Debris Map following a review and provided it satisfies Project AWARE’s internal quality review process.
Before submitting data you will be asked to confirm the Dive Against Debris Surveyor Statement:S3: Report Data
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
45
Only divers have the skills to remove and report underwater marine debris
Step 5: ReportSlide46
We’ve talked aboutStep 1: WeighStep 2: SortStep 3: RecordStep 4: DisposeStep 5: Report
SECTION 3: Make Your Survey Count
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
46
S3: Report Data
Reporting your data
Any Questions?Slide47
Now It’s Your Turn!SECTION 4:Slide48
Some Final Dive Against Debris Thoughts Share Your Actions to Help Change BehavioursProject AWARE’s My Ocean
www.projectaware.org/MyOceanBlog stories on your actionsUpload photos and videosSeek participants to join eventsFind events to join
Start your regular Dive Against Debris survey, then:
S4: Your Turn!
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
48Slide49
Some Final Dive Against Debris Thoughts Report Clean SitesAny Dive, Any TimeWhat About Land Cleanups?
Only report debris found underwater by diversProvide Feedback:www.projectaware.org/contact
S4: Your Turn!
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
49Slide50
Join the Project AWARE Movement Battle the Big Two:
Project AWARE divers protect our ocean planet - one dive at a timeS4: Your Turn!
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
50
Sharks
and Rays
at Risk
Become
an
AWARE
Shark Conservation Diver
Marine
Debris and
help protect our friends-the sharks
Dive
Against Debris
Be an AWARE Diver
Ten Tips for Divers to Protect the Ocean PlanetSlide51
We’ve talked aboutSome Final Dive Against Debris ThoughtsJoin the Project AWARE Movement
SECTION 4: Now It’s Your Turn!S4: Your Turn!
Dive Against Debris Survey Guide
51
Join AWARE divers around the world tackling marine debris
Any Questions?Slide52
Thank you
Questions?