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FOSSIL FUELS III Coal   Formed from ancient plants. FOSSIL FUELS III Coal   Formed from ancient plants.

FOSSIL FUELS III Coal Formed from ancient plants. - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2018-03-21

FOSSIL FUELS III Coal Formed from ancient plants. - PPT Presentation

Coal beds were prehistoric swamps Can be considered to be stored solar energy Photosynthesis CO 2 H 2 0 solar energy carbohydrates O 2 We can also run the process backwards and burn carbs to get energy water and carbon dioxide ID: 659930

mining coal reserves production coal mining production reserves energy anthracite bituminous india poland germany carbon china lignite proven quality

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

FOSSIL FUELS III

Coal Slide2

Formed from ancient plants.

Coal beds were prehistoric swamps.Can be considered to be “stored”

solar energy.

Photosynthesis:

CO

2

+ H

2

0 + solar energy

 carbohydrates + O

2

We can also run the process backwards and burn carbs to get energy, water, and carbon dioxide.Slide3

Normally when a plant dies it decomposes.

If there is not enough oxygen, it can’t completely decompose, thus we get a slow accumulation of energy.In a swamp, the bacteria that decompose the plants also use up the Oxygen.Coal found today formed between 1 and 440 million years ago.Slide4

Major Coal Forming Periods

Carboniferous and Permian 360 to 250 MYAHigh quality bituminous and anthraciteUpper Cretaceous to Miocene 100 to 5 MYA

Low quality subbituminous and lignite coals

Quaternary 2.6 MYA to present

peatSlide5

Major Geologic DivisionsSlide6

Steps to becoming coal:

PeatLignite (brown coal)SubbituminousBituminous

Anthracite

The major difference is the percentage of the coal that is carbon. Higher carbon concentration means better quality coal.

Formation of coalSlide7
Slide8

Coal progresses through the stages with increasing pressure and temperature.

Type

% Carbon

Energy Content (MJ/kg)

Lignite

30

11.6 – 16.3

Subbituminous

40

18.6 – 23.3

Bituminous

50 - 70

25.6 - 34.8

Anthracite

90

32.5

Oil

85

46Slide9

Coal ClassificationSlide10

Which type of coal provides the most energy/kg?

Lignite

Bituminous

AnthraciteSlide11

The largest amount of US coal is Bituminous.

Approximately 1% is Anthracite. (Found in Pennsylvania.)Many coal veins have a high sulfur content.Significant contributor to acid rain.S+O2

SO

2

SO

2

combines with water in atmosphere to form sulfuric acid.

Limits the use of those coals

Coal has uranium & thorium: radioactive

Concentrated when coal is burnedSlide12

Other contributions.

MercuryArsenicSeleniumSlide13

Union Pacific Big BoySlide14

Coal Mining

Coal veins can be 1 in to 400 ft thick.Must be at least 2

ft

thick to make mining profitable.

U

nderground mining is a dangerous occupation in America.Slide15

Coal Mining

Tunneling – 40%Surface mining – 60%Removing overburden to get to coal

Strip mining

Mountaintop removalSlide16

Types of Coal MiningSlide17

Tunnel MiningSlide18

Strip MiningSlide19

Mountain Top Removal

Mountain top removal miningSlide20

Should Mountain Top Removable be allowed in the U.S.?

Yes

NoSlide21

US Coal Reserves by TypeSlide22

Coal Reserves Sulfur ContentSlide23
Slide24

Proven Coal ReservesSlide25

Proven Coal ReservesSlide26
Slide27

Who has the largest reserves of coal?

Germany, France, Poland

South Africa, India, Australia

US, Russia, China

Germany, India, PolandSlide28

Coal Production by StateSlide29

Coal Production by State Slide30

Coal Production by State Slide31

Who are the biggest coal producing states?

Wyoming and West Virginia

Pennsylvania and Kentucky

West Virginia and Kentucky

Texas and IllinoisSlide32

Proven Coal ReservesSlide33

Coal Production by Country Slide34

Coal Production by Country Slide35
Slide36

Who are the largest producers of coal?

Germany, France, Poland

Indonesia

,

India, Australia

US, China, India

Germany, Russia, PolandSlide37

Chinese SY Mikado 2-8-2Slide38

A thick shroud of haze lingers over China, turning the sky an opaque grey. Beijing, China's capital, is situated under the densest portion of the smog layer. The aerosol pollution can be seen blowing eastward across the Bo Hai Bay and Yellow Sea reaching as far as North and South Korea and the islands of Japan. (NASA)Slide39

Donora 1948Slide40

Coal ConsumptionSlide41

Mix of Fuels in USSlide42

US Coal ProductionSlide43
Slide44
Slide45

Estimated that we have enough reserves for 200-300 years at current production rates.

Use may be expandedReplace aging oil/natural gas/nuclear electric plantsMore demand for electrical energyAlternative uses such as coal gasification.Slide46

Should the use of coal in America be expanded?

Yes

No