Normative theories Consequencialist theory Egoism Utilitarianism Non consequentialist theory Rights principle Distributive Justice Ethics of Care Virtue Ethics Normative Theories ID: 628175
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Slide1
Normative TheoriesSlide2
Contents
Normative theories
Consequencialist theory
Egoism
Utilitarianism
Non- consequentialist theory
Rights principle
Distributive Justice
Ethics of Care
Virtue EthicsSlide3
Normative Theories
literally
“Normative” means process of setting standards or rules of behavior”.
Normative theories propose some actions or principles for distinguishing right actions from wrong actions.
These theories can be divided into
01: Consequentialist
02: Non- consequentialist
approaches.Slide4
01:Consequentialists Theory
Many philosophers(
jeremy
bentham) have argued that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely by its results or consequence.
If the results are good , then the act is right.
If the results are bad , then that act is wrong.
It can be further divided into two more approaches :
A: Egoism B: UtilitarianismSlide5
Egoism(Consequentialist)
The view that associates morality with self interest is referred to egoism.
Egoists
struggles
that an act is morally right if and only if it best promotes an agents self interest (agent refers to particular group or organization).
Egoists
use their self interest as the standard for measuring the actions rightness.
Slide6
According to egoism we care for others because it is in our best self interest.
“ I am not required to act in the interest of others, but I should if that is the only way to promote my own self interest”.
Example…
Providing more and more facilities to your employees does not mean that you are caring for your employees, but you want them to be more productive(profit).
Egoism(Consequentialist)Slide7
Problems with Egoism
1:Egoism is not a sound theory:
It is a wrong notion that we care for others only because it is in our own best self interest.
Example…
A man while driving a company truck, spotted smoke coming from inside a car. The man quickly take a U turn, drove up to the burning vehicle and found a one year old girl trapped in the back seat. Disregarding his own safety , the man entered the car and removed the infant.
Slide8
Problems with Egoism
2: Egoism ignores
deliberate
Wrongs:
The most common objection to egoism is that by reducing everything to the standards of self-interest.
Egoism takes no stand against seemingly outrageous acts like
Stealing
Murder…
Deliberately false advertising…
Earnings through illegal ways