PERSIA: Medieval Europe - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

PERSIA: Medieval EuropeSlide2

European History

Classical Civilization

(Beginning of European Civilization



Roman Empire)

Medieval Europe

(

Fall of Rome  Before the Renaissance)

Modern Times

(Renaissance

 Today)Slide3

Phases of Middle Ages

Early Middle Ages (400s-900s

CE)

Known as the “Dark Ages”Germanic Tribes invasions, declining pop. Unified only by the Catholic Church

High Middle Ages (1000s-1200s CE)Germanic invasions end, pop. increases, Manorialism

, feudalism, the rise of kingdoms, CrusadesLate Middle Ages (1300s-1400s CE)W

ar and famine – the Black Death and Hundred Years WarIntellectual and military developments – rise of townsSlide4

Latin Christendom

Name for the civilization of Europe after the fall of Rome

Combination of Germanic culture, Roman law, and dominated by

the Catholic ChurchCatholic Church offered the only constant structure or authorityMost importantly for the people of Europe, no matter the social class, it offered the promise of salvation

Pope Urban II calls for the CrusadesSlide5

POLITICAL

Early

Trying to hold onto Roman patterns, but with Germanic chiefs as kings

Ex: Charlemagne, Holy Roman EmperorHighFeudalism – system based on loyalty and service

Many small, regional kingdomsLateCentralized states emerge

Hundred Years’ War creates idea of being English or FrenchNationalism – recognizing a shared culture, history, language

Knight pledging loyalty to king.Slide6

Charlemagne (742-814)

The Frankish Kingdom

Made alliance with Rome to solidify control over territory

Charles the Great = Charlemange, named Holy Roman EmperorTime of relative peace, advancementEmpire fell apart under Charlemagne’s descendants

Charlemagne is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope in 800 C.E.Slide7
Slide8

Hundred Years’ War

Series of conflicts between England and France, fought on and off between 1337-1453

Causes: Economic, political competition, English claim to French throne

EffectsNationalism! (Joan of Arc)Use of longbow, canonBegins decline of feudalismNo English territory on continental Europe

Above:

C

anons being used at Orleans

Right: Joan of Arc became symbol of French nationalismSlide9

ECONOMIC

Early

Cross-continent trade declines with Germanic invasion

HighFeudalism combines with manorial system for local self-sufficiency

LateLand based economy continuesTowns, guilds emerge and trade networks expand

Guilds – organizations that controlled commerce

Peasants working the land.Slide10

Manorial System

Economic system of Medieval Europe that values self-sufficiency

Nobles, or land owners, paid peasants for their labor

Three-field system develops increasing crop yields

Representation of serfs at work.Slide11
Slide12

Guilds

As royal charters created new towns, guilds emerged to control commerce

Determined membership

Apprentice (Intern)  Journeyman (Assistant to Master)  Master Craftsman (Shop owner)Controlled quality of productControlled prices

Above: Goldsmith’s shop

Right: Copper guild’s crestSlide13

RELIGIOUS

Early

Christianity continues to spread, monasticism defined

Rule of St. Benedict values poverty, chastity, obedience

HighCatholic Church dominates and attempts to expand power with the CrusadesCrusades – series of European expeditions to retake Holy Land from Islamic Empire, revives trade

LatePower of Catholic Church continues, a few religious scholars begin to question Church’s authority

C

reated by monks, these Illuminated Manuscripts were decorated with color, even gold and silver.Slide14

Monasticism

“Benedictine Rule” valued poverty, chastity, and obedience

Monasteries became centers of knowledge – library, scriptoria, schools

Monks became missionaries to “barbarians” (pagans)

At this time books had to be copied by hand. Monks took this on as service.Slide15

A Day in the Life of a MonkSlide16

The Crusades

Series of European expeditions to retake the Christian Holy Land from the Muslims

Causes: Pope sought to expand political power, kings sought to demonstrate loyalty to faith, knights/peasants sought adventure

Effects: Revived trade, new learning

Depiction of fallen CrusadersSlide17

SOCIAL

*LEAVE SPACE TO DRAW HIERARCHY*

Early

Unity under Romans disappears as Germanic tribes invadeHighFeudalism creates hierarchy

Latin Christendom based on Germanic culture, Roman Law, and Catholic beliefsLate

Feudal loyaltyLatin Christendom culture

Chivalry provided the code of conduct, particularly for the warrior class (knights).Slide18

Feudalism

The feudal political system creates the social hierarchy

Lord – land-owning superior (aka king or noble)

Vassal – land holder based on conditions of allegiance and service (aka lesser noble or knight)Fief – the land held on conditions of serviceSerf – a laborer bound to work the land (aka peasant)Slide19
Slide20

INTELLECTUAL/ARTS

Early

Little cultural achievement, held onto Roman style

HighChristian themes in artMonks preserve knowledge

LateChristian themes in artGothic style

Universities established, associated with churches but beginning of secular educationPrinting press! (see right

)

Gutenberg’s printing press around 1440 helps to explain the drastic increase in output in the 15th century.Slide21

Romanesque Architecture

Characteristics

Rounded arches

Barrel vaultsThick wallsDarker, simple interiorsSmall windows, near top of wall

Parts of a Medieval CastleSlide22

Gothic Architectural Style

Characteristics

High, narrow vaults

Thinner wallsFlying buttressesElaborate, ornate, airier interiorsStained-glass windowsSlide23

Area/Geography

Early

Germanic tribes migrate, invade

HighPopulation increase, use of more resourcesLate

Disease, the Plague, spreads quicklyPlague (aka The Black Death) kills 25-50% of populationRise of Towns

The style of a late Medieval town.Slide24

The Black Death

Cases of bubonic plague reached Italy in 1348

Causes: Limited understanding of disease

Effects25-50% of population depending on area was killed,Some peasants moved to towns to find workPeasants who remained in countryside demanded better conditionsSlide25

Sixth Century Europe

Land was divided between the Germanic Tribes that conquered the Roman Empire.Slide26

Late Medieval Europe

Centralized nation states, emerge by the late Middle AgesSlide27

Late Medieval Trade

Where will trade expand to next?