Soft tissue - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Soft tissue & Trauma

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: I will describe various types of soft tissues in the body

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: I will explain how tissues respond to trauma

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: I will describe the types of soft tissue trauma

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: I will demonstrate proper procedures for treating various soft tissue trauma

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: I will analyze the indication and contraindication for cold application on a soft tissue injury

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: I will analyze the indications and contraindications for heat application on soft tissue injuriesSlide2

Warm upThink of an incident where you either witnessed or experienced a soft tissue injury to the skin, muscle, tendon or ligament. What happened? What did the injury look like? How was the injury treated?Slide3

Soft TissueSoft tissues are the tissues that connect, support, and surround other structures and organs of the body, not being bone. Soft tissues include tendons, ligaments, fascia, skin, fibrous tissues, fat, synovial membranes (connective tissues), muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Slide4

SkinSkin- outer covering of the bodySlide5

LigamentLigament- connects bone to boneSlide6

MuscleMuscle- tissue that when stimulated contracts and produces movementSlide7

TendonsTendons- tissue that connects muscle to boneSlide8

Soft tissue InjuryA soft tissue injury is the damage of skin, muscles, ligaments, and tendons throughout the body.Common soft tissues injuries usually occur from a sprain, strain, a blow resulting in a contusion, or overuse of a particular part of the bodySlide9

5 Signs of InflammationSlide10

5 signs of InflammationRedness- due to vasodilatation and increase in blood flowHeat- due to vasodilation and increase in blood flowSwelling- due to increase in blood flow to the injured area and possibly from blood that leaks into the injured tissue (bruising) Pain- due to the pressure of fluids or swelling through the nerve endingsLoss of function

-

due to swelling and painSlide11

ContusionBruiseSudden traumatic blow to body Not penetrate skinUsually injury to blood vesselsSuperficial, deep, or hemorrhageHematoma: formation caused by pooling of blood and fluid w/in a tissue spaceSlide12

ContusionSlide13

ContusionSymptoms:SwellingPoint tendernessRednessEcchymosis- purple discoloration of skinTreatment: PRICEProtection- protect from further injury by preventing them from moving

Rest

Ice

- ice during the first 72 hours to reduce swelling and

pain (ice for 15 to 20 minutes every 2 to 3 hours)

Compression

-use of pressure with bandage or wrap to reduce swelling

Elevation

- can minimize initial tissue bleeding and

swellingSlide14

ContusionsSlide15

Partner AssignmentWith a partner, create a short movie which shows an incident resulting in a contusion. Include at least five signs and symptoms of a contusion using the body crayons and play dough. Include whether it is superficial, deep, or a hemorrhage Demonstrate knowledge and application of the treatment PRICE. Movie clip should be between 2 to 5 minutes in length. Use movie maker to transition scene and make the final production. Slide16

StrainsStrain- stretch, tear, or rip in the muscle and/or tendonSevere tension forceExcessive muscle contractionDirect blow to the body

Common sites:

Hamstring

Quadriceps

Hip flexor

Biceps

Latissimus

dorsiSlide17

Sports and strains? In what sports is someone more likely to get a strain?Slide18

Sports and StrainsSoccer, football, hockey, boxing, wrestling, and other contact sports put athletes at risk for strains. Sports that feature quick starts (hurdling, long jump, running races, etc.). Gymnastics, tennis, rowing, golf-sports that require extensive gripping-have a high incidence of hand strains. Elbow strains frequently occur in racquet, throwing, and contact sports.Slide19

Severity of StrainsGrade 1Some muscle fibers stretched or tornSome tenderness/pain with range of motionGrade 2Number of muscle fibers tornActive contraction of muscle extremely painfulGrade 3Complete rupture of muscle Significant impairment or total loss of movementSlide20

Strain: Signs & SymptomsSigns & Symptoms:Localized swellingCrampingInflammationLoss of functionPainGeneral weaknessDiscoloration Slide21

Strain- TreatmentTreatmentReduce swelling & pain through PRICEProtection- protect from further injury by preventing them from movingRestIce- ice during the first 72 hours to reduce swelling and pain (15 to 20 minutes every 2 to 3 hours)Compression-use of pressure with bandage or wrap to reduce swellingElevation- can minimize initial tissue bleeding and swelling

A

nti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen

Severe Strain could require:

Hard cast

Surgery Slide22

StrainsPreventionRegular weight trainingProper warm-upStretchingProper mechanicsProper cool-down/ stretchingProper nutrition & hydrationSlide23

Partner AssignmentWith a partner, create a short movie which shows an incident resulting in a strain. Include at least five signs and symptoms of a strain using the body crayons and play dough.Include whether it is a grade 1, grade 2, or grade 3 Demonstrate knowledge and application of the treatment PRICE and the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. Demonstrate knowledge and application of at least 4 prevention techniques.Movie clip should be between 3 to 5 minutes in length. Use movie maker to transition scene and make the final production. Slide24

SprainSprain- stretched or torn ligament (connects bone to bone)Causes:FallingtwistingDirect blow Common sites:

Ankle

Wrist

K

neeSlide25

Sports and sprains? In what sports is someone more likely to get a sprain?Slide26

Sports and SprainsAll sports and exercises, even walking, carry a risk of sprains. The anatomic areas most at risk for a sprain depend on the specific activities involved. For example, basketball, volleyball, soccer, and other jumping sports share a risk for foot, leg, and ankle sprains. Sports such as football, basketball and soccer that involve running with sudden stops, cutting side to side, jumping and pivoting can increase the risk of a knee sprain. Slide27

Severity of SprainFirst Degree: ligament has been stretched but not tornmild painsome swellingjoint instabilitydifficulty jogging or jumping.Second Degree (most common): partial tearing of the ligament significant swellingbruisingmoderate paintrouble walking

Third Degree

: ligament is completely torn

Severe swelling

Severe pain

Extreme loss of motion

Walking can be very painfulSlide28

Sprain: Signs and SymptomsSigns and symptoms:PainSwellingHeatRedness BruisingStiffness or difficulty moving the jointAt the time of injury, you may hear or feel a pop in the jointSlide29

Sprain- TreatmentTreatment Reduce swelling & pain through PRICEProtection- protect from further injury by preventing them from moving (if ankle sprain, wear a shoe)RestIce- ice during the first 72 hours to reduce swelling and pain (15 to 20 minutes every 2 to 3 hours)Compression-use of pressure with bandage or wrap to reduce swellingElevation- can minimize initial tissue bleeding and swelling

Anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen

Surgery may be needed for a tear in ligaments of the kneeSlide30

Sprain- PreventionPrevention Balance trainingStrengthen the muscles around the jointFlexibility training of the hips, legs, and anklesAdequate preparation for the activityTaping and bracing the jointSlide31

Partner AssignmentWith a partner, create a short movie which shows an incident resulting in a sprain. Include at least five signs and symptoms of a sprain using the body crayons and play dough.Include whether it is a first degree, second degree, or third degree Demonstrate knowledge and application of the treatment PRICE and the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. Demonstrate knowledge and application of at least 4 prevention techniques.Movie clip should be between 3 to 5 minutes in length. Use movie maker to transition scene and make the final production. Slide32

Assignment Quiz: Soft tissue and soft tissue injuriesWhat soft tissue connects bone to bone?What soft tissue connect muscle to bone?What soft tissue makes up the outer covering of the body?What are the five signs of inflammation?What does PRICE stand for? What are three degrees of severity for a contusion? What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?What are two ways to prevent a strain?What are two ways to prevent a sprain?What strain is more severe? Grade 1 or Grade 3? Slide33

Soft tissue Overuse injuriesSmall amounts of body stress accumulate slowly but steadily. The result can be damage and pain.Common soft tissue overuse injuries include: Shin Splints: inflammation of the connective tissue that surrounds the tibiaTendonitis: an inflammation or irritation of a tendon, a thick cord that attaches bone to muscle.Tennis Elbow: a painful condition that occurs when tendons in your elbow are overworked, usually by repetitive motions of the wrist and armSlide34

Small Group AssignmentAs a team of 3, divide the responsibilities to complete the following tasks:Research the soft tissue overuse injury and type in the information on the appropriate slides: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, PreventionCreate a short movie demonstrating knowledge on that short tissue overuse injury (See Rubric)Present the Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention to the classNote: After each group presents, all groups will view each other’s short movieSlide35

Tendonitis: CausesCausesThe condition is commonly caused by repetition of a particular movement over time. tendinitis develops in people whose jobs or hobbies involve repetitive movements; aggravating the tendons.Slide36

Tendonitis: SymptomsSymptoms:Pain - if the affected area is moved the pain worsensA feeling that the tendon is crackling or grating as it moves. This sensation is more common on examination.Swelling in the affected areaThe affected area may be hot and redA lump that develops along the tendonSlide37

Tendonitis: TreatmentTreatmentRestHeat and coldPain relieversCorticosteroid injectionsPhysical therapyShock wave therapy or surgerySlide38

Tendonitis: PreventionPrevention:Strengthening exercise around the tendon  Stretching and cooling down Avoid repetitive movements Slide39

Shin Splint: CausesShin splints are caused by repetitive stress on the shinbone and the connective tissues that attach your muscles to the bone.Slide40

Shin Splint: SymptomsSymptoms:Soreness along the inner part of your lower legMild swelling in your lower legMuscle painSlide41

Shin Splint: TreatmentIce your shinRest your body IbprofenPhysical therapy Slide42

Shin Splint: PreventionAlways wear shoes with good support and padding.Warm up before working out, making sure to stretch the muscles in your legs.Stop working out as soon as you feel pain in your shins.Don't run or play on hard surfaces like concrete.Slide43

Tennis Elbow: CausesCause: Tennis elbow is cause by repetitive motion that can strain the muscle and stress the tendon. Slide44

Tennis Elbow: SymptomsSymptoms:pain tenderness weaknessSlide45

Tennis Elbow: TreatmentTreatment:Anti-inflammatory drugsIce RestSlide46

Tennis Elbow: PreventionStretch StrengthenWearing a braceProper techniquesSlide47

Soft tissue injury and the Healing Processhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8J_GWa1XyNkSlide48

Stages of HealingAcute - Protection PhaseSub-Acute - Repair PhaseLate Stage - Remodeling Phase Chronic Phase - Ongoing Repair and RemodelingSlide49

Acute - Protection PhaseAcute Phase: From the initial time of injury and while the pain, bleeding and swelling is at its worst till about two to four days post-injury Your body's aim at this point is to protect your injury from further damage. Treatment:PRICE: Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, ElevationSlide50

Acute - Protection PhaseSlide51

Sub-Acute - Repair PhaseSub-Acute PhaseWhen the initial acute phase makes a transition to repairing the injured tissues This phase commonly lasts up to six weeks post-injury Body is laying down new soft tissue and reducing the need to protect the injury as the new tissue begins to mature and strengthen. Treatment Options: Heat, massage, electrical stimulation, protective strapping or bracing, joint mobilization, stretching and strengthening exercisesSlide52

Sub-Acute - Repair PhaseSlide53

Late Stage - Remodeling PhaseLate Phase:The period between six weeks and three months post-injuryAt six weeks post-soft tissue injury the healing tissue is reasonably mature but as it is stretched, strengthened and stressed the new tissue often finds that it is not strong enough to cope with the increasing physical demand. When the body detects that a repaired structure is still weaker that necessary, it will automatically stimulate additional new tissue to help strengthen and support the healing tissue until it meets the demands of normal exercise or physical function.Slide54

Late Stage - Remodeling PhaseSlide55

Chronic Phase - Ongoing Repair and RemodelingChronic PhaseBeyond three months Refers mainly to pain that lasts more than 3 monthsSoft tissue is constantly being injured by daily activities and workouts, only to repair and remodel the tissue to meet specific exercise demands.Slide56

Chronic Phase - Ongoing Repair and RemodelingSlide57

Ice vs. Heat TreatmentSlide58

Ice TreatmentIce:Typically ice in the first 72 hours after an injury when the tissue is red, hot, and swollen. Goal of Ice Treatment: Reduce bleeding into the tissues.Prevent or reduce swelling (inflammation).Reduce muscle pain and spasm.Reduce pain by numbing the area and by limiting the effects of swellingIce 15 to 20 minute every 2 to 3 hoursSlide59

Heat TreatmentHeat:Use heat after 72 hoursHeat causes the blood vessels to open wide (dilate). Goal of Heat Treatment:Bring more blood into the area to stimulate healing of damaged tissuessoothing effect and helps to relieve pain and spasmeases stiffness by making the tissues more supple.Apply heat using a heating pad or a hot wet towel.Heat for 10 to 20 minutes but no more than 20 minutesSlide60

Case StudyWhat stage of healing? Ice or Heat? Slide61

Case StudyWhat stage of healing? Ice or Heat? Slide62

Case StudyWhat stage of healing? Ice or Heat? Slide63

Case StudyWhat stage of healing? Ice or Heat? Slide64

Case StudyWhat stage of healing? Heat or Ice or neither? Slide65

Case StudyWhat stage of healing? Ice or Heat or neither? Slide66

Case StudyWhat stage of healing? Ice or Heat?