03/31/2016 - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1
Slide2

03/31/2016

Thoroughly explain the two philosophies (separately) Existentialism

and Naturalism

. Slide3

Read the Following

FOLLOW

your heart. Create

PEACE

. Fall in

LOVE

. Show

GRATITUDE

.

ENJOY

the little things. Dream

BIG

. Believe in

MIRACLES

. Discover your

PASSION

. Be

SPONTANEOUS

. Embrace every

POSSIBLITY

.

BELIEVE

in yourself your life is

NOW

. Slide4

The

Rhythm

of

Poetry:

Syllable - Poetic feet - MeterSlide5

Loudness

Vowel Length

Vowel Clarity

Pitch

Stressed 

Syllables:

loud

longfullHighUnstressd  syllables:   quietshortreducedlow

So, when you say a word more than one syllable, remember to make the stressed syllable louder, longer, clearer, and higher pitched.  

 Slide6

Syllables

English words have clear syllables.

We can usually divide words into syllables easily.

We can also determine which syllables to emphasize, or

“

stress” in each word

. For example: Angel =

AN

-gel  (not an-GEL) Complete = com-PLETE  (not COM-plete)Slide7

More Syllables

poem =

PO

-

em

…

….(

1 stressed + 1 unstressed)

poetry =

PO-e-try…….(1 stressed + 2 unstressed) relief = re-LIEF……. (1 unstressed + 1

stressed) recommend = re-com-MEND……. (2 unstressed + 1

stressed

)

discomfort =

dis

-

COM

-

fort

…

(

1 unstressed

+

1

stressed

+

1 unstressed

)

entertainment =

en

-

ter

-

TAIN

-

ment

(

2 unstressed

+

1

stressed

+

1 unstressed

) Slide8

Word Stress

Rules

There

are two very simple rules about

word

stress:

One

word has only one stress. 

(One word cannot have two stresses. If you hear two stresses, you hear two words. Two stresses cannot be one word.

We can only stress vowels, not consonants.Here are some more, rather complicated, rules that can help you understand where to put the stress. But do not rely on them too much, because there are many exceptions. It is better to try to "feel" the music of the language and to add the stress naturally.Slide9

Using Parts of Speech to predict stress

WORKS 80% OF THE TIME

Nouns are usually stressed

2. Action verbs are usually stressed.

3. Less "important" words such as linking verbs ("do" in "how do you determine", "was", "is"), conjunctions ("and", "or", "but"), prepositions ("on", "by") are usually not stressed.

4. Pronouns may or may not be depending on context. Usually you can argue either way.Slide10

For

2 syllable

words:

That are

NOUNS and ADJECTIVES,

stress is on the first syllable:

Dessert----------- DES sert Suspect ---------- SUS

pect Happy----------- HAP

pySlide11

For two syllable words continued…

2 syllable words that are

VERBS

, stress on

on

the second syllable.

Record--------- re CORD Conduct------- con DUCTSlide12

Compound words…

rule

example

For compound 

nouns

, the stress is on the 

first

 part

BLACKbird

, GREENhouseFor compound adjectives, the stress is on the second partbad-TEMpered

, old-FASHionedFor compound verbs, the stress is on the second partunderSTAND,

overFLOWSlide13

rule

example

Words ending in 

-ic

GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geoLOGic

Words ending in 

-sion

 and 

-tion

teleVIsion, reveLAtion

rule

example

Words

ending in 

-cy

, 

-

ty

, 

-

phy

 and

-

gy

deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy

Words ending in 

-al

CRItical

,

geoLOGicalSlide14

However, these rules do not always work, remember that…

**Meter is usually consistent! (although it might have some minor variationsSlide15

More Syllables

wasting =

WAST

-

ing…

….

(1 stressed

+ 1 unstressed) hopefully =

HOPE

-ful-ly…….(1 stressed + 2 unstressed) believe= be-LIEVE……. (1 unstressed + 1 stressed)

guarantee = guar-an-TEE……. (2 unstressed + 1 stressed)

condemned =

con

-

DEMN

-

ed

…

(

1 unstressed

+

1

stressed

+

1 unstressed

)

misbehaving=

mis

-

be

-

HAV

-

ing

(

2 unstressed

+

1

stressed

+

1 unstressed

) Slide16

Scansion

(1)

the act of scanning, or analyzing poetry in terms of its rhythmic components

(2)

the graphic representation, indicated by marked accents, feet, etc., of the rhythm of a line or lines of verse You may have seen scansion marks like the following:

The curved lines are

“

unstressed” syllables while the straight slashes are “stressed”Slide17

Poetic Meter

Meters are the rhythms within poems.

Meters are the arrangement of

stressed

/

unstressed syllables to occur at apparently equal intervals.Slide18

Metered verse has prescribed rules as to the number and placement of syllables used per line.

Slide19

Poetic Foot

A poetic foot

is a repeated sequence of rhythm comprised of two or more stressed and/or unstressed syllables.

Poetic meter

is comprised of

poetic feet Slide20

Five main patterns to poetic feet:

1

.

Iambic

2

.

Trochaic3.

Anapestic

4. Dactylic5. SpondaicSlide21

Iambic pattern

1

unstressed syllable

followed by

1 stressed syllable

EXAMPLES:

repose (re-

POSE)belief (be-LIEF)complete (com-PLETE) Slide22

Iambic Pattern

U / U / U / U /

Unstressed

syllable followed by a

stressed

syllable. This pattern is repeated throughout lines of poetry. Slide23

Iambic Pattern

U / U / U / U /

Unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. This pattern is repeated throughout the line of poetry.

Example:

The

curfew tolls the knell of

parting day Slide24

Iambic Pattern

That thou her maid are far more fair than she:

Be not her maid, since she is envious

Shakespeare, Romeo and JulietSlide25

Trochaic Pattern

1 stressed syllable

followed by

1 unstressed syllable

EXAMPLES:garland (GAR-land)

speaking (

SPEAK-ing)value (VAL-ue)Slide26

Trochaic Pattern

/ U / U / U / U

1 stressed syllable

followed by

1 unstressed syllable

EXAMPLE:Why

so

pale and wan, fond Lover? Prethee why so pale? Will, when looking well can

’t move herLooking ill prevail? Slide27

Anapestic pattern

U U / U U / U U /

2 unstressed syllables

followed by

1 stressed syllable

EXAMPLES: on the roadinterrupt (in-

ter

-RUPT)unabridged, contradict, engineer, masquerade, Galilee Slide28

Anapestic pattern

U U / U U / U U /

‘Tis the voice of the sluggard, I heard him complain,

You have waked me too soon, I must slumber again.

As a door on its hinges, so he on his bed,

Turns his side and his shoulders and his heavy head.

YOU TRY ITSlide29

Anapestic pattern

U U / U U / U U /

‘Tis the

voice

of the

slugg

ard, I heard him complain

,You have waked me

too

soon, I must slumber again. As a door on its hinges, so he on his bed, Turns his side and his shoulders and his heavy head. Slide30

Dactylic pattern

/ U U / U U / U U

1 stressed syllable

followed by

2 unstressed syllables

EXAMPLE:

happiness (

HAP-pi-ness)galloping (

GAL

-lop-ing)fortunate, Saturday, daffodil, murmuring, rhapsodySlide31

Dactylic pattern

/ U

U

/ U

U

/ U

U

EXAMPLE: (Alfred, Lord Tennyson)

Half

a league, Half a league, Half a league onward All in the valley of Death

Rode the six hundred. “Forward, the Light Brigade!Charge

for the

guns

!

”

he said:

In

to the

vall

ey of

Death

Rode

the six

hun

dred. Slide32

Spondaic Pattern

/ / / / /

All syllables have equal stress

EXAMPLE:

Heartbreak

“

Out, out…”

"pen-knife," "ad hoc," "heartburn" Slide33

The

I

ambic foot

The

iamb

=

(1 unstressed syllable + 1 stressed syllable

) is the most common poetic foot in English verse.

iambic foot examples:

behold destroy the sun (articles such as “the” would be considered unstressed syllables)and watch (conjunctions such as and would be considered unstressed syllables)Slide34

Lines containing

iambic feet

Be

hold

/ and

watch

/ the sun

/ des

troy / and grow (5 iambs) When I / do COUNT / the CLOCK / that TELLS / the TIME [Shakespeare’s Sonnet 12] (5 iambs)

Shall I / compare /thee to / a sum / mer's day?

[Shakespeare

’

s Sonnet 12]

(5 iambs)

Come

live

/ with

me

/ and

be

/ my

love

(4 iambs)

(poem by Christopher Marlowe)Slide35

Trochaic poem:

a

stressed

syllable followed by an

unstressed

one

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's “The Song of Hiawatha

”

By the / shores of / Gitche / Gumee, By the / shining / Big-Sea /-Water, Stood the / wigwam / of No / komis, Daughter / of the / Moon, No / komis. Dark behind it rose the forest, Rose the black and gloo

my pine-trees, Rose the firs with cones upon them; Bright before' it beat the water, Beat the clear and sunny water, Beat the shi

ning

Big

-Sea-

Wa

ter. Slide36

Anapestic poetry

:

2 unstressed syllables +

1 stressed one

Limericks contain anapestic meter (in blue)

A Limerick by Edward Lear:

There was / an Old Man / with a

beard

,Who said, "It is just / as I feared!Two Owls / and a Hen,Four Larks / and a Wren,Have all / built their nests / in my beard!" Slide37

Dactylic poem:

1 stressed

+

2 unstressed

Charge of the Light Brigade

by Alfred, Lord Tennyson

Half a league, / half

a league,

Half a league / onward, All in the / valley of / Death Rode the / six hundred. "Forward, the / Light Brigade! Charge for the / guns!" he said: Into the / valley of / Death

Rode the / six hundred. Slide38

Spondaic

Poem

:

2 equal syllables

Because of this nature of the spondee, a serious poem cannot be solely spondaic

. It would be almost impossible to construct a poem entirely of stressed syllables

.

Therefore, the spondee usually occurs within a poem having another dominant rhythm scheme. Slide39

Combinations of Poetic Feet

One

foot per line:

monometer

Two

feet per line :

dimeter Three

feet per line :

trimeterFour feet per line : tetrameter Five feet per line : pentameter Six feet per line : hexameterSlide40

Type

+

Number

= Meter

Types of Poetic Feet

I

ambic (1 unstressed + 1 stressed)Trochaic

(1 stressed + 1 unstressed)

Anapestic (2 unstressed + 1 stressed)Dactylic (1 stressed + 2 unstressed)Spondaic (all syllables equal)Number of feet per lineMonometerDimeterTrimeterTetrameter Pentameter Hexameter Slide41

Meters & Feet

Q:

If a poem had

1 foot per line

, and the foot was

iambic

(1 unstressed + 1 stressed),

what type of poem would it be?

A: Iambic monometerSlide42

Meters & Feet

Q:

If a poem had

2 feet per line

, and the foot was

iambic

(1 unstressed + 1 stressed),

what type of poem would it be?

A: Iambic dimeterSlide43

Meters & Feet

Q:

If a poem had

3 feet per line

, and the foot was

iambic

(1 unstressed +

1 stressed

), what type of poem would it be?A: Iambic trimeterSlide44

Meters & Feet

Q:

If a poem had

4 feet per line

, and the foot was

iambic

(1 unstressed + 1 stressed

),

what type of poem would it be?A: Iambic tetrameterSlide45

Meters & Feet

Q:

If a poem had

5 feet per line

, and the foot was

iambic

(1 unstressed + 1 stressed),

what type of poem would it be?

A: Iambic pentameterSlide46

Meters & Feet

Q:

If a poem had

3 feet per line

, and the foot was

trochaic

(1 stressed +1 unstressed),

what type of poem would it be?

A: Trochaic tetrameterSlide47

Go ahead… experiment with different metric styles in your own poetry!

End of presentation.