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Chapter 6 Central and Southern Africa Chapter 6 Central and Southern Africa

Chapter 6 Central and Southern Africa - PowerPoint Presentation

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Chapter 6 Central and Southern Africa - PPT Presentation

Chapter 6 Lesson 1 The Growth of Coastal Trading Cities L1 HW Review Questions Identify amp Example 2 sentences 1 ethnic 2 manufacture 3 network 4 monsoon 5 prosper Main Idea 35 sentences ID: 757719

kongo amp africa sentences amp kongo sentences africa portugal def great trade zimbabwe bantu city gold coastal empire east

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Slide1

Chapter 6

Central and Southern AfricaSlide2

Chapter 6, Lesson 1

The Growth of Coastal Trading CitiesSlide3

L1 HW Review Questions

Identify & Example

: (2 sentences)

1) ethnic 2) manufacture 3) network 4) monsoon 5) prosper

Main Idea

: (3-5 sentences)

Describe the geography of Central & Southern Africa.

What goods/resources were traded between Africa and Asia/Arabia?

Why was Kilwa such an important city-state?

Summarize

: (6 sentences)

The Bantu Migrations.

Critical Thinking

: (5-7 sentences)

Besides trading goods, how else did the trans-Indian Ocean trade affect East African coastal cities?

Why do you think East Africa never unified into an Empire?Slide4

Words to Know

Species (n.)

Def

:

a group of plants or animals that are able to have offspring

Ex:

Mr. Igor is from a different species, according to B1 History Class.

Coastal (adj.)

Def: existing along the land next to or near the seaEx: Shanghai is a coastal city.

Port

(n.)

Def

: a place along

a body of water where ships can anchor or dock

Ex: Mr. Igor’s classroom is a port of education.Slide5

A Diverse Geography

Central

Africa = huge tropical rain forests

Thousands of

species

of colorful birds Southern Africa = IMMENSE grasslands Elephants, giraffes, lions, zebras

Human geography:Diverse = 100s of different ethnic groupsSeparate languages, customs, religionsCommon ancestor = Bantu peoples1st Bantu

 modern-day border: Nigeria & Cameroon

Bantu migration

: 1000 BC; moved South & East; 500 AD reach tip of S.A.

EFFECTS:

cultural blending

adapt to new environment

exchanged ideas

intermarriedSlide6

Coastal City-States Emerge

1100 AD: Bantu-speaking peoples migrated to Eastern coast

Established 1) farming villages & 2) lively trading outposts

East African merchants traded with Arabia, Persia, India

African raw materials  Asia

Ex: gold, iron, ivory, slaves, timber (wood) Asian manufactured  Africa Ex: porcelain, spices, beads, textiles (carpets) 1200s: E. Africa = network of trading towns & city-states

Kilwa

:

coastal city-state = city + surrounding land (independent political unit)

Founded by: Arabian & Persian settlers (late 1000s)

Prospered because: as far south as a ship from India could sail in one

monsoon

season = Southern merchants send goods to KilwaSlide7

The Influence of Islam

Trade across Indian Ocean increases = Arab traders settling in East African port towns

EFFECT: coastal Africans borrow aspects of Arab culture

New language = Swahili: Bantu language + Arabic words

Islam

most Africans kept their traditional religious beliefs but many also

converted

 middle-class, involved in trans-Indian Ocean tradeGovernmentGov. officials & merchants = MuslimIntroduce ideas about govn’t & lawLack of Unity = easier for Europeans to invade & conquer in 1600sWhy?

c

ompeting for tradeSlide8

Chapter 6, Lesson 2

Empires Built on Gold & TradeSlide9

L1 HW Review Questions

Identify & Example

: (2 sentences)

1) encircle 2) eagle-eye 3) abandon 4) exodus 5) pillage

Main Idea

: (3-5 sentences)

Where did the Shona settle? Why?

Summarize: (6 sentences)Great Zimbabwe & Enclosure (10 sentences)

The Mutapa Empire.Critical Thinking: (5-7 sentences)Great Zimbabwe did not mine or produce gold. How was it control such a vast empire?Slide10

Words to Know

Precious

(adj.)

Def

:

having great value

Ex: Your

education is precious.

Granite (n.)Def: a hard rock used in buildingEx: Your brains are like granite.

Resource (n.)

Def

: water, labor,

or other supply available for economic development

Ex: Mr. Igor’s classroom is a resource for your educational development.

Ample (adj.)

Def

: more than enough; plenty

Ex:

You have ample time to complete the steps necessary for your education. Slide11

Rise of the Shona Civilization

800s: Bantu-speaking

Shona

settle valley of

Limpopo River

(Southern Africa)

1000s: move into rich farmland: between Zambezi & Limpopo Zimbabwe: settlements encircled by large stone walls

“house of stone” Shona = #s of zimbabwes Present-day: Botswana, Mozambique, ZimbabweSlide12

Great Zimbabwe

Largest settlement:

Great Zimbabwe

Center of Shona empire

City + surrounding area = 100 acres/ 10-20,000 people

Region = huge plains = farming & herding (cattle) Near trade routesSlide13

The Great Enclosure

3 sections

the Valley Ruins (newest; small structures & mounds)

the Hill Complex (like: Acropolis)

Sits on high hill; center of religious activities; oldest part the Great Enclosure: largest & most significant

Home for kings and queens Looks like necklace (eagle-eye view) outer granite wall: 820 feet around / 36 feet high Cut so perfectly; nothing needed to hold them in place Conical tower (mysterious???)

Giant grain bin = good harvests ???

Religious purpose ???Slide14

Gold & Trade

Gold = international prized good

Traded between Africa

 China & India

Great Zimbabwe DID NOT

produce or mine gold

Located between: West: gold producing East: coastal trading cities RESULT: 1) tax trade 2) force tributes (from lesser leaders) during peak: 2,000 pounds of precious metal PER YEAR

DECLINE: theories

Drought & overuse of land by cattle = shortage of resources (

exodus

)

Shifting trading networks = abandonment

Either way: no more Zimbabwe by 1500Slide15

The Mutapa Empire

Shona oral tradition:

Mutota left Great Zimbabwe 1440; traveled north

Searching for

salt

= important for African diet Found valley: fertile soil, good rainfall, ample wood Conquered surrounding land

Mutapa: “Great Pillager” Mutapa’s son extends empire North to Zambezi River; east to Indian Ocean Wealth = controlling gold tradeSlide16

Chapter 2, Lesson 3

The Kongo KingdomSlide17

L1 HW Review Questions

Identify & Example

: (2 sentences)

1) appoint 2) manufacture 3) missionary 4) convert 5) immunity 6) seize 7) plantation 8) corrupt 9)

Main Idea

: (3-5 sentences)

Why did the Kongo people settle near the Congo River?

How did the Kongo Kingdom organize it’s empire?

Why did Portugal meet Kongo?How did Alfonso I change Kongo’s society?Summarize: (6 sentences)The “good” relationship between Portugal and Kongo?The “bad” relationship between Portugal and Kongo?Critical Thinking: (5-7 sentences)No thinking required!!!!!Slide18

Words to Know

Initial (n.)

Def

: happening at the beginning; first

Ex: Your initial

education begins every day.

Strained (adj.)

Def

: pushed by resentment nearly to open conflict.Ex: Mr. Stewart has a strained relationship with his B1 history students.

Instability (adj.)

Def

: the condition of being unsteady

or undependable

Ex: Your

inability to complete assignments properly leads to education instability. Slide19

A Kingdom Arises on the Atlantic

1300s: Bantu-people “Kongo” settle

western coast

of Africa

Settled

north

of Congo River (3,000 miles, empties into Atlantic) Resources: Fertile soil, iron & copper ore, good fishing & Congo R. transportation

1400s: move south, conquer other peopleCapital: MbanzaHighly organized kingdomVillage = basic political unitGroup of villages = districtDistricts grouped into six provincesKing appointed governors for provinces

King: in charge of economy (provinces pay taxes every 6 months)

Payments =

cowrie shells

(colorful seashell used for money)Slide20

Kongo & Portugal

1400s = “Age of Exploration”: time when European kingdoms sailed oceans to explore new lands

Portugal: small country, west of Spain; on

Atlantic

Ocean

1480s: Portugal sails down western coast of Africa; meets Kongo kingdom

At first: GOOD!!!Active trade

Kongo  PortugalCopper, iron, IvoryPortugal  Kongo Guns, horses, manufactured goodsChristian ReligionPortugal sends missionaries: people who travel to other lands seeking to gain followers to their religion (i.e.,

converts

)

Age of

Exploration

Cultural InteractionSlide21

The Rule of Afonso

1506: Nzinga Mbemba takes throne (European name: Alfonso I)

Copied Portuguese:

Official religion: Roman Catholicism

Capital city: Mbanza

 Sao SalvadorPolitics: appointed dukes

& counts; required to wear western clothingEducation: Alfonso learned to read & write Portuguese; sent subjects to Portugal to learn to read &writeSlide22

Portuguese Problems

Immunity

: protection from disease

When cultures meet = new diseases

; no immunity

Alfonso requests new doctors:

For the “many and different diseases which put us very often in such a weakness.”

1470s: Portuguese claim island Sao Tome off west coast of AfricaEstablish:

sugar fields (plantations: large farm to grow one crop = hard labor)Portugal pressures Kongo for more & more slaves = depopulationAlfonso asks Portugal to stop:“Merchants daily seize our subjects… so great… is their corruption… that our country is being utterly depopulated.”1543: Alfonso dies1,000s of Africans enslaved every year1561: Kongo “cuts itself off” from Portugal

Disease

SlaverySlide23

The Kingdom Struggles

After Alfonso: period of instability

Late 1560s: war with neighboring kingdom

the

Jaga

Kongo ask Portugal for help 1600s: Kongo regains stability