Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology - PowerPoint Presentation

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Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology - PPT Presentation

Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved The Vulva External female genitalia Mons veneris triangular mound over the pubic bone above the vulva Labia majora outer lips of the vulva ID: 577676

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Slide1

Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

The Vulva

External female genitalia

Mons veneris: triangular mound over the pubic bone above the vulva

Labia majora: outer lips of the vulvaLabis minora: inner lips of the vulvaClitoris: highly sensitive structure, only function of which is sexual pleasureVestibule: area of vulva inside the labia minoraUrethra/urethral opening: tube/opening through which urine passes from the bladder

The Vulva (cont’d.)

External female genitalia (cont’d.)

Introitus: opening to the vagina

Hymen: tissue that partially covers the vaginal openingPerineum: area between the vagina and anus of the female and the scrotum and anus of the maleGenital alteration: piercings, jewelry, cosmetic surgery, etc. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide4

Labiaplasty

Slide5

The Vulva (cont’d.)Slide6

Underlying Structures

Hymen-the

hymen is a membrane that partially covers the opening of the vagina.WHAT IS HYMENOPLASTY? If hymen restoration is something you’re really looking into, there are three specific procedures you may be asked to choose from:Basic stitching of a recently torn hymen.

Typically handled days ahead of the wedding night, there’s the option of creating a bloodless membrane with or without the addition of artificial blood.

A more involved procedure that creates an entirely new hymen from the lining of the vagina. This has a longer recovery period although it does include an authentic blood

supply

Contrary to popular belief on this front, a hymen can rupture for any number of non-sexual reasons such as like

horse-back

riding

gymnastics

inserting of a tampon

plus many more

reasons

That’s

without

even

mentioning the women who are born without a hymen in the first place.

Underlying Structures (cont’d.)Slide8

Internal Structures

Internal female sexual anatomy

Vagina: stretchable canal in the female that opens at the vulva

Grafenberg (G) spotArousal and vaginal lubricationVaginal secretions and chemical balance of the vaginaCervix: small end of the uterus, located at the back of the vaginaUterus: pear-shaped organ inside the female pelvis, within which the fetus develops

Internal Structures (cont’d.)

Internal female sexual anatomy (cont’d.)

Fallopian tubes: two tubes, extending from the sides of the uterus, in which the egg and sperm travel

What

are Kegel exercises?

Kegel exercises are designed to make your pelvic floor muscles stronger. These are the muscles that hold up your bladder and help keep it from leaking.Building up your pelvic muscles with Kegel exercises can help with your bladder control.To do Kegel exercises, you just squeeze your pelvic floor muscles. The part of your body including your hip bones is the pelvic area. At the bottom of the pelvis, several layers of muscle stretch between your legs. The muscles attach to the front, back, and sides of the pelvic bone

Kegel exercises Slide11

Internal Female Sexual AnatomySlide12

Internal Female Sexual Anatomy (cont’d.)Slide13

Menstruation

Sloughing off of uterine lining

Takes place of conception has not occurred

Attitudes about menstruation Negative beliefs Menarche: initial onset of menstrual periods Age 11-15Dependent on heredity, health, and altitude

Menstrual Physiology

Flow

Lasts from two to six days

The Breasts

Secondary sex characteristics

Physical characteristics other than genitals that distinguish males from females

The Breasts

Male Sexual Anatomy and

Physiology

The Penis

External anatomy of the penis

Foreskin, glans, shaft, and root

The Penis (cont’d.)Slide20

The Penis (cont’d.)

Areas particularly responsive to stimulation

Corona: rim of penile glans

Frenulum: highly sensitive thin strip of skin that connects the glans to the shaft Strengthening musculature around the penisKegel exercises can produce benefitsCopyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide21

The Penis (cont’d.)Slide22

The Scrotum and Testis

Pouch of skin of external male genitals that encloses the testes

Testis: male gonads that produce sperm and sex hormones

Cryptorchidism: undescended testisSeminiferous tubules: thin, coiled structures in the testes in which sperm are produceEpididymis: structure along the back of each testis in which sperm maturation occursCopyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide23

The Scrotum and Testis (cont’d.)Slide24

The Scrotum and Testis (cont’d.)Slide25

The Vas Deferens

Sperm-carrying tube that begins at the testis and ends at the urethra

Sperm held in the epididymis eventually drain into the vas deferens

Cowper’s Gland and Semen

Cowper

’

s glandsPea-sized glands located alongside the urethra base Secretes alkaline fluid during sexual arousalSemen (seminal fluid)Volume is about one teaspoon100 to 500 million sperm per ejaculation

Erection

Coordinated by autonomic nervous system

Arteries leading to the three erectile cylinders in the penis expand

Blood out flow cannot keep up with in flowCapacity for erection is present at birthCommon for infant boys Psychogenic and physiogenic erectionsInputs come simultaneously from both thoughts and physical stimulation

Concerns about Sexual Functioning

Penis size: seen as a symbol of virility

Implication that bigger is better

Erect penises show less variation than flaccidMatter of subjective preference Phalloplasty: penile augmentationGenital retraction syndromeCulture-bound phenomenon Male believes his penis is shrinking and retracting into his body

Male Genital Health Concerns

The penis: health-care issues

Cleanliness: smegma and infections

Infection transmission: condom usage Injuries: hazards of sexual gadgets and fractures during coitusPenile cancer: deadly if not diagnosed early Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide30

Male Genital Health Concerns (cont’d.)

Testicular cancer

More common in young men (20 to 35 years old)

Risk factors: smoking, family history, White race, and cryptorchidismSymptoms: hard or irregular mass in testes, fever, groin ache, heaviness in testis, tender breasts, painful fluid accumulation or scrotom swellingSurvival is greater than 90% if detected earlyCopyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide31

The term describes a man who has been castrated, his testicles either removed or rendered nonfunctional by chemical means

As many as 600,000 men in North America are living as eunuchs for medical reasons. The vast majority are afflicted with prostate cancer. Testosterone, the principal male sex hormone, is thought to prominently contribute to the growth of cancerous tumors in the prostate. Thus, as a way to impede the cancer's spread, many doctors recommend shutting down the hormone's primary source: the testes. This is accomplished either surgically, where the testicles are removed, or chemically, where patients receive anti-androgen drugs or injections of the female birth-control drug Depo-Provera

Both

the surgical and chemical methods have the same effects. Testosterone levels are drastically reduced. This in turn gives rise to a host of side effects.

"A castrated adult male will lose muscle but gain fat. He can expect hot flushes like those that women have at menopause. He will lose body hair, and his penis will shrink. Erections will be rare and weak, if they occur at all. He will be sterile," describes Richard

Wassersug

of the Australian Research Center in Sex, Health, and Society.

Wassersug

himself a eunuch

Eunuch Slide33

Intersex