September 19 th 2014 Cognitive development in infancy and toddlerhood Video Piaget on Piaget Part 1 Piaget on Piaget Part 2 Piaget on Piaget Part 3 Piaget on Piaget Part 4 I didnt eat the doughnut ID: 312456
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Slide1
Fundamentals of Lifespan Development
September 19
th
, 2014 – Cognitive development in infancy and toddlerhoodSlide2
Video
Piaget on Piaget Part 1
Piaget on Piaget Part 2
Piaget on Piaget Part 3
Piaget on Piaget Part 4
I didn’t eat the doughnut
Kid wants doughnutsSlide3
Piaget’s Cognitive-Development TheorySlide4
Schemes
Schemes – Psychological structures, organized ways of making sense of experience
Adaptation and organization are two processes that account for changes in
shemes
Organization involves an internal process
Assimilation and accommodation are in states of equilibrium and disequilibrium Slide5
Piaget’s Sensorimotor StageSlide6
Key Terms
Object Permanence
Mental Representations
Internal depictions:
images
(objects, people, spaces
)
concepts
(groups of similar objects
or
events)
Representation
permits
advanced
object permanence
deferred
imitation
make-believe
playSlide7
Follow Up Research on Infant Cognitive Development
Habituation
Research Lab Testing Cognition in Infants
Deferred Imitation
6
weeks: imitates facial expressions
6–9
months: copies novel actions with objects
12–14
months: imitates rationally
14–18
months: imitates actions that are intended but not completedSlide8
Evaluation of the Sensorimotor StageSlide9
Core Knowledge Perspective
We are born with innate knowledge systems – core domains of thought.
Physical
Linguistic
Psychological
NumericalSlide10
Information Processing ModelSlide11
Cognitive Gains in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Attention
improved efficiency, ability to shift focus
less attraction to novelty, improved sustained attention
Memory
longer retention intervals
development of recall by second half of first year
Categorization
gradual shift from perceptual to conceptual categorization in toddlerhoodSlide12
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
Complex mental activities develop through joint activities with more mature members of
child’s society
Zone
of
proximal development
:
Tasks too
difficult for
child to
do alone
but possible
with help
of more
skilled partnersSlide13
Infant Toddler Intelligence Tests
Bayley
Scales
:
Cognitive
Language
Motor
Social-Emotional
Adaptive
Behavior
Predict
later intelligence poorly
Largely used for screeningSlide14
Developmentally Appropriate
Infant and Toddler Child
Care
Physical
setting
Toys and equipment
Caregiver–child ratio
Daily activities
Interaction among
adults and
children
Caregiver qualifications
Relationships with parents
Licensing and accreditationSlide15
Theories of Language Development
Cooing
and
Babbling
First words around 1 year of age.
Underextension
Overextension
Telegraphic Speech – Two word utterancesSlide16
Discussion
What were some of your developmental milestones?
How do they compare to the developmental milestones listed on page 106?
What were your first words?
What toys do you remember from your toddlerhood?
What memories do you have from that period of your life?
They can be based on pictures and what you were told.