Phylum Sarcodina - Amoeba - PowerPoint Presentation

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Phylum Sarcodina - Amoeba

Thrive in fresh water, salt water and soil.

Many are motile, with pseudopods (“false feet”) used for locomotion.

Some are parasitic species, found in animal intestines.Slide2
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Entamoeba histolytica

Amoebic dysentery is transmitted through contaminated food and water.

Amoebae spread by forming infective cysts which can be found in stools, and spread if whoever touches them does not sanitize their hands. Amoebic dysentery is most common in developing countries. Amoebic dysentery is often confused with "traveler's diarrhea", or "Montezuma's Revenge" in Mexico. Liver infection, and subsequent amoebic abscesses can occur. Blood may be present in stool.Slide4

Phylum Ciliophora - Paramecium

Most complex and

advanced of the protozoans.

Have hairlike structures

called

cilia

which are used for

movement and in feeding.

Reproduce through binary fission

and conjugation.Slide5

Acanthamoeba keratitis

Produce spiny pseudopodia as they move slowly along. 5 times the size of a human red blood cell, considered fairly large, but too small to see with the naked eye.

Live in water, moist soil, mud, and decaying organic material.Feed on bacteria and other microscopic organisms. Can be found to invade human tissues – most commonly through the cornea of the eye from contact lenses. Can lead to corneal removal or removal of the full eye. Slide6

Phylum Mastigophora

Flagellates move by means of flagella and are found in salt and fresh water.Most are parasitic and cause disease in animals.

Asexual reproduction

Form

cysts

that allow them to be spread from host to host.Slide7

Trypanosoma brucei

African sleeping sicknessTrypanosoma

brucei and transmitted by the tsetse fly. The disease is endemic in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that 50,000 to 70,000 people are currently infected, the number having declined somewhat in recent years. Symptoms in 2 stages: 1) Characterized by fever, headaches, joint pains, swelling of lymph nodes and itching. 2) Invades central nervus system and into

thebrain

. Causes confusion, reduced co-ordination, disruption of sleep cycle (daytime slumber, nighttime insomnia)

Other modes of transmission:

Mother to child infection: Crosses the placenta and infect the fetus.

Laboratories: accidental infections

Blood transfusion

Sexual contact (might be possible, but happens rarely)Slide8
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Phylum Sporozoa

Lack means of independent locomotion.Exclusively parasitic.Depend entirely upon the body fluids of their hosts for movement.

Have a spore like stage.Slide10

Plantlike ProtistsSlide11

Phylum Chrysophyta

- Diatoms

Fresh and salt water

Autotrophic, contain chlorophyll.

Many are encased in silicate shells or skeletons. (Can be used in toothpaste.)Slide12

ChlorellaUsed as a nutritional supplementHigh in essential nutrients

45% protein, 20% fat, 20% carbohydrates, 5% fibre and 10% vtimains and minerals when dried Super food!Slide13
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Phylum Pyrrophyta - Dinoflagellates

Autotrophs, contain chlorophyll and red pigments.

Can contaminate shell fish.Slide15

Phylum Euglenophyta - Euglena

Both heterotrophic and autotrophic.

Have an eye spot which is sensitive to light.

Reproduce asexually and sexually.

Evolutionary link between plants and animals.Slide16

Introduction to the "Slime Molds"

Often multinucleate, follow the lifecycle of fungiSlide17
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Kingdom FungiSlide19

Kingdom Fungi

Include yeasts ,moulds, and mushrooms.

Non photosynthetic plantlike organisms.Most fungi are saprobes (decomposers) and help to recycle nutrients back into the soil. Some parasitic and live off of living organisms.

Secrete

digestive enzymes

onto food and then absorbs the nutrients

Fungal cell walls contain

chitin

(kite-in).

Produce seedlike

spores

to ensure distribution.

Eukaryotic cells, most are multicellular

Sexual and asexual reproductionSlide20

KINGDOM FUNGI