Posterior muscles of the neck - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Posterior muscles of the neck

Dr.

M

uhammad

Mustafa

yousafzaiSlide2

Different goups

of muscles of back

Superficial

Inter mediate

Spinotransversales

Erector

spinae

Transversospinales

Segmental back muscles

Suboccipital

musclesSlide3

trapezius

O:superior

nuchl

line, external occipital

protruberance,ligamentum

nuchae

and

spinous

process of C7 to T12.

I; lateral one third of

clavical

,

acromian

and spine of scapula.

N; motor – accessory nerve 11

A; rotates the scapula while

hoizontal

abduction of

humerus

, upper

fibres

elevate, middle

fibres

adduct,lower

fibres

depress the scapulaSlide4

Levator scapulae

O; transverse process of C1 to C4 ,

I; upper portion and medial border of scapula

N; C3 -4,and dorsal scapular nerve C4 C5

A; elevates the scapula

Slide5
Slide6

Intermediate group of muscles

Serratus

posterior superior:

O:lower

portion of

ligamentum

nuchae

,

spinous

process of C7-T3 and

supraspinatous

ligament

i:upper

border of ribs 2

nd

to 5

th

just lateral to their angles

N: anterior rami of upper

thoracis

nerves T2-5

A:elevates

the ribs 2-5Slide7
Slide8
Slide9

Spinotransversale muscles

Splenius

capitis

O: arises

on the

ligamentum

nuchae

and

spinous

processes of C7 to T3

I:

attaches under the lateral part of the superior nuchal line of the occiput and on the mastoid process of the temporal bone

.

N: posterior rami middle cervical nerves

Splenius

cervicis

arises on the

spinous

processes of T3 to T6 and attach on the posterior tubercles of the transverse process C1 to T3

.

N;posterior

rami lower cervical nerves.Slide10

Splenius

capitis

and splenius

cervicis

lie deep to sternocleidomastoid, trapezius and the rhomboids and superficial to the segmental muscles,

interspinales

,

intertransversarii

and

transversospinalis

.

Nerve supply: Cervical spinal nerves. 


Actions:Splenius

capitis

and splenius

cervicis

contracting bilaterally extend the head and neck, contracting unilaterally they

sidebend

and slightly

ipsilaterally

rotate the head and neck.Slide11
Slide12

Erector spinae

Iliocostalis

cervicis

arises on the superior border of the angles of ribs 3 to 6

.

It attaches on the posterior tubercles of the transverse process of C4 to C6

.

Longissimus

cervicis

arises on the transverse processes of T1 to T5 medial to longissimus

thoracis

and attaches

to the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C2 to C6

.Slide13

Spinalis

cervicis

arises on the

spinous

processes of C7 to T2 and the

ligamentum

nuchae

. It attaches on the

spinous

processes of C2 to C4. It exhibits variation in its attachments and may be absent.

Cervical

spinous

processes may be bifid. C2 and C7 (vertebra

prominens

) are easily palpable. C6 is usually palpable but disappears in extension. Articular pillars and facet joints are at finger width

spacings

.Slide14
Slide15

Transversospinales

Semispinalis

thoracis

arises on the transverse processes of T6 to T10 and attaches on the

spinous

processes of C6 to T4. More tendon in form.

Semispinalis

cervicis

arises on the transverse processes of T1 to T6 and attaches on the

spinous

processes of C2 to C5. More muscular especially the

fibres

that attach on the axis.

.Slide16
Slide17

Semispinalis

capitis

arises on the transverse processes of C7 to T6 and the articular processes of C4 to C6 (sometimes C7 & T1) and attaches either side of the mid-sagittal line between the superior and inferior nuchal lines on the occiput.

Nerve supply: Dorsal rami of cervical and thoracic nerves. 
Action: Extension of the head and cervical spineSlide18
Slide19

Multifidus

arise on the sacrum (S4),

aponeurosis

of the erector

spinae

, posterior superior iliac spine, posterior

sacro

-iliac ligament,

mamillary

processes of L1 to L5, transverse processes of T1 to T12 and articular processes of C4 to C7. The muscle attaches along the length of a

spinous

process one to four

vetebral

segments above.

Nerve supply: Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves.

Rotatores

are the deepest muscles. They arise on cervical, thoracic and lumbar transverse processes and attach on the lamina and base of the

spinous

process of the vertebra above. Nerve supply: Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves.Slide20
Slide21

Segmental back muscles

Interspinales

run from one

spinous

process to the

spinous

process above. They are present between C2 and T3, and between T11 and L5. They are more distinct in the cervical spine. Sometimes they occur between L5 and the sacrum.

Nerve

supply:Dorsal

rami of the spinal nerves.Slide22

Intertransversarii

run from a transverse process to the transverse process above. They are present between C1 and T1, and between T10 and the sacrum. In the cervical and lumbar, pairs of muscles lie either side of the spine.

Nerve supply: Dorsal and ventral rami of the spinal nerves.Slide23
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ROTATORES

The 

rotatores

 (

rotatores

spinae

) muscles lie beneath the 

multifidus

 and are present in all spinal regions but most prominent in

thethoracic

 region; they are eleven in number on either side

.

O;

 from the superior and posterior part of the transverse

process.

I;

 inserted into the lower border and lateral surface of the lamina of the vertebra above, the fibers extending as far as the root of the spinous

process.

N; POSTERIOR RAMISlide26
Slide27

Suboccipital muscles

Rectus

capitus

posterior major:

O:

spinous

process of axis

I: lateral portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line

N: posterior ramus of C1 ,same for all

suboccipital

muscles

A: extension of head and rotation of head towards the same sideSlide28

Rectus

capitis

posterior minor:

O:posterior

tubercle of atlas

i

: medial portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line

A: extension of headSlide29

Obliquus

capitis

superior:

O: transverse

proces

of atlas

I: occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal line

A: extension of head and rotation towards the same sideSlide30

Obliqqus

capitus

inferior:

O:spinous

process of axis

I: transverse process of atlas

A: rotation of face towards the same sideSlide31
Slide32

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