PDF-REVIEW Microbial Production of Citric Acid Luciana P

S Vandenberghe 12 Carlos R Soccol Ashok Pandey and JeanMichel Lebeault Laboratrio de Processos Biotecnolgicos Departamento de Engenharia Qumica Universidade Federal do Paran CEP 81531970 CuritibaPR Brazil Laboratoire de Procds Biotechnologiques Gn. C483 Spring 2013. 1. The . net. effect of the eight steps of the citric acid cycle is to. A) completely oxidize an acetyl group to carbon dioxide.. B) convert pyruvate to . Acetyl CoA.. C) produce . . of. . industrial. . production. 1. Methods of industrial production. Primary & secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are produced during the growth phase of the microbe. Examples: amino acids, nucleotides, fermentation end products, and many types of enzymes. A. Metabolism. 1. Anabolism. A) synthesis reactions (building up). 2. Catabolism. A) lysis reactions (breaking down). B. Enzymes. 1. proteins that facilitate chemical reactions. Microbial Metabolism. Microbial food spoilage occurs as a consequence of either microbial growth in a food or release of extracellular and intracellular(following cell . lysis. ) . enzymes in the food environment.. Signs of spoilage of different types of food:. Chapter . 2. 7, . Stryer. Short Course. Catabolism Overview. Lipids as a fuel source—diet. Beta oxidation . saturated. Unsaturated. Odd-chain. Ketone bodies as . fuel. Physiology. TAG and FA. High energy. A. Metabolism. 1. Anabolism. A) synthesis reactions (building up). 2. Catabolism. A) lysis reactions (breaking down). B. Enzymes. 1. proteins that facilitate chemical reactions. Microbial Metabolism. A. Microbial Reproduction. 1. binary (transverse) fission. A) parent cell enlarges and duplicates all its genetic material. B) DNA copies move to opposite ends of parent and attach to a section of the cell membrane as it begins to pinch together at the center. Pratt & . Cornely. , . Ch. 14. Overview. Compartmentalization. Glycolysis: . Cytosol. Pyruvate carried into mitochondria via transporter. GNG: Starts in mitochondria, but mainly cytosol. Citric Acid Cycle: mitochondria. A. Structure of DNA. 1. discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. 2. stores genetic information for the production of proteins. 3. composed of nucleotides. A) a nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate. In the Environment. Table 9.1 Terminology of Microbial Control. Figure 9.1 A plot of microbial death rate.. Basic Principles of Microbial Control. Action of Antimicrobial Agents. Alteration of cell walls and membranes. By Luisa Escobar. Family: . Rutaceae. Genus . :. Citrus . Aurantifolia. (. Mexican Lime. ). Many species are known.. Native to Himalayan region of India.. S. mall deciduous tree. Flowers appear in spring and summer.. NADH.. b. . Two . molecules of . CO. 2. are . produced by the decarboxylation of . isocitrate. . and . α. -. ketoglutarate. .. Study Check 23.1. When one acetyl CoA moves through one turn of the citric acid cycle, how many . biotechnology.important. branch of Microbiology where economically valuable products are produced from cheaper raw materials by using large culture of . m.o.. Up stream and Downstream process.. Screening-Definition.. Introduction. Approaches for production. Statistics. Glutamic acid. Glutamic acid production. Glutamic acid production. Glutamic acid production. Glutamic acid production. Media composition and operating conditions .