South Carolina in the American Revolution - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

South Carolina in the American Revolution

CHAPTER 3Slide2

Essential QuestionWhat events led to the American Revolution, and what role did South Carolina play in the development of the new nation? Slide3

The Road to Revolution

LESSON 1Slide4

Controlling the ColoniesWhen Charles II became king,

Britain was in

financial trouble

, so a

number of

trade laws were passed

.

These laws were meant

to

increase wealth by

regulating

trade and

raising

taxes

on

all items

transported through Britain.

Britain wanted the colonies to help pay its increasing debt

, but the

colonist didn’t want to

. In response,

Britain implemented

Mercantilism

.Slide5

Implementing MercantilismThis economic policy required

all goods sold in Britain to be shipped on English

ships employing

English crews.

C

rops

grown in the colonies could

only be sold

in

Britain.

The main goal was to increase

British profits.

The new

policy added to the growing unrest

in the colonies.

Americans Colonists felt they were being treated unfairly

.Slide6

Controlling the Colonial EconomyNavigation Acts

Trade only with Britain

and other British colonies.

Led to smuggling

.

Sugar Act

T

ax on sugar, molasses, wine, silk, indigo, and coffee

.

Violators sent to Britain for trial

before British judge.

Currency Act

Colonists

prohibited from printing their

own

money

.

Stamp Act

Tax on all

printed materials, like wills, contracts

, playing cards,

and newspapers

. Slide7

Controlling the ColoniesHow did colonists react to the new laws and policies?Slide8

Sons of LibertyThe Sons of Liberty were

groups of men who protested Britain’s new laws.

The two

most active groups

were in

Boston and Charles Town.

Sam Adams

led the group in

Boston

, while

Christopher Gadsden

led the

Charles Town

group.Slide9
Slide10

Daughters of Liberty

Women took part in their own boycott and organized

“Spinning Bees

.”

Played a key part in organizing boycotts.

Instead of buying and using thread made in Britain, they spun there own thread and yarn to make American fabric

.

 Slide11

Charles Town Refuses to Cooperate

The

colonists in Charles Town

seemed to be

most upset about the Stamp Act.

They built a 20-foot gallows and

hung an

effigy

of the stamp collector in protest.

The protestors were so persistent that the men who were enforcing the Stamp Act said they

wouldn’t

tax

the

colonists

until

Britain

had

a chance

to

reconsider. Slide12

EffigySlide13

Stamp Act CongressRepresentatives from the colonies met in New York City to discuss the

Stamp Act

.

Letters were mailed to Parliament demanding that Britain repeal the law.

Colonists

argued that since they

didn’t have representatives in Parliament,

Parliament couldn’t make laws the directly affected them.

“NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION

!”

Britain argued

that they had

virtual

representation

, so the

colonists decided to boycott British goods. Slide14

What did Parliament mean when it said the colonies had “virtual representation”? Can the same be said for Americans who are not old enough to vote? Are you virtually represented?Slide15
Slide16

Effects of the Boycott & ProtestsShips stopped coming in and out of Charles Town, which hurt British trade

.

British merchants lost money.

The courts shut down because colonists refused to pay the tax for a court order.

Britain repealed the Stamp Act in 1766.

The colonists threw parades in Charles Town to celebrate.Slide17

Wilkes ControversyJohn Wilkes

was a member of Parliament and editor of

North Briton

;

he was critical of the British gov’t.

Parliament kicked Wilkes out for being disloyal

to Britain.

South Carolina representatives provided funds to pay Wilkes’s legal fees.

British

officials were unhappy

with South Carolina’s donation to Wilkes, so they wrote new

rules about how the colony could use money

from its

treasury.

This controversy leads to South Carolina lending support to the Revolution. Slide18

Declaratory and Quartering ActsAfter repealing the

Stamp Act

,

Parliament passed a law declaring that it could make any laws affecting the colonies that it desired

. This would be

known as the

Declaratory Act

.

Britain took complete control over the colonies.

The

Quartering Act allowed 10,000 British troops to stay permanently in the colonies

.

The colonists were angry about the

Quartering Act

because it

required them to house and feed British troops.Slide19

Townshend Acts

Britain imposed new taxes on

paper

,

paint

,

glass

, and

tea

.

These

new laws attempted

to take away the

power of the purse from colonial assemblies

.

Colonists responded with a new round of boycotts.

In South Carolina, Britain gave non-native South Carolinians positions of extreme authority. Slide20

Boston Massacre

Across the colonies, protests were becoming more violent.

On March 5, 1770,

a scuffle between colonists in Boston and some

British soldiers resulted in the soldiers firing into a crowd of colonists

.

Five people were killed. The first being

Crispus

Attucks

, a free black man

.

John Adams later represented the British soldiers in court and argued that the soldiers acted in self defense. Adams was successful in defending a majority of them.

Lord North

, the new

prime minister, took back all the Townshend Duties except for the tax on tea

. Slide21

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston MassacreHistorians identify this as an early example of American propaganda. How so? How could the use of the word “massacre” fit in with the idea that this is propaganda?Slide22

The Boston Tea Party

Colonists

continued to boycott tea

because of a

duty (tax) imposed by the

Townshend

Acts

.

Parliament passed

the

Tea

Act

in an attempt

to force colonists to buy tea from the British East India Company.

The law gave the company exclusive rights to sell its tea tax-free in the colonies, making it cheaper to buy.

Lord North thought this would trick colonists into buying the British tea … He was mistaken!

In Boston, a group of colonists dressed up as Native Americans, climbed aboard a ship carrying tea, and dumped all the tea into the harbor. The event became known as the “Boston Tea Party.”Slide23
Slide24

The Intolerable ActsBritain responded to the Boston Tea Party by passing the

Intolerable Acts

in Massachusetts

.

The new laws

closed the port in Boston

until the tea was paid for.

They

suspended the Massachusetts colonial assembly.

They

allowed British soldiers to live in private homes. Slide25

These laws were also called the Coercive Acts. Why? What was Parliament trying to coerce from the colonists?Why do you think the colonists

called these new laws the “intolerable”? Slide26

The First Continental CongressIn response to events in Boston

,

colonial leaders, including cousins

Sam

and

John

Adams

,

George Washington, Patrick

He

nry

and

Richard Henry Lee

called for a

special meeting in Philadelphia.

55

delegates from 12

colonies

met for the

First Continental Congress

. (

Only Georgia refused

to attend. For what reason did Georgians refuse to attend?)

Delegates agreed to continue their resistance to British policies.Slide27

The First Continental CongressThe Congress issued a

Declaration of Rights, which proclaimed loyalty to Britain, but denied Britain’s right to tax the colonies.

Delegates agreed to stop all trade

(imports and exports)

with Britain

until their demands were met.

Because

of

South Carolina’s economy

,

delegates agreed that the colonies

could still

export

rice

to Britain

.

Before they adjourned, the

delegates agreed to meet again in 1775.Slide28

Why do you think most delegates to the First Continental Congress were not yet ready to discuss independence?Slide29

South Carolina forms an Independent Government

During a meeting to select delegates to the First Continental Congress

, South Carolina leaders created the

Committee of 99

, which became

the de facto government.

The

committee raised an army, issued currency, enforced nonimportation, and commissioned the writing of what would become part of the Articles of Confederation (the first US constitution).

Although a new royal governor had not yet arrived, most of the citizens obeyed the

Committee of 99.Slide30

The First Shots of the Revolution

On April 19, 1774

, the

first shots

of the Revolution were

fired

during a

confrontation between British “Redcoats” and colonial Minutemen in the town of Lexington, Massachusetts.

The

British were on their way to nearby Concord to seize weapons

they believed were stored there.

Fighting took place throughout the day as more Minutemen arrived and faced British reinforcements.

Despite being outnumbered, the

colonists managed to kill nearly 300 British soldiers

, while

fewer than 100 militiamen were killed

or wounded.

The British retreated to Boston

…

The Revolution had begun.Slide31

The Battle of Lexington