Washington and the Capital City - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Washington and the Capital City

Washington Becomes President

April

30, 1789, in New York City.

Electoral

college

unanimous vote

Vice President

John

Adams

Department of State

Thomas

Jefferson

Department of the Treasury

Alexander

Hamilton

Strengthened the federal governmentSlide2

Liberty vs. Order in the 1790s

Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton’s tariff and taxation plan for paying off the nation’s debt reminded many Americans of Britain’s treatment of the colonies.

It taxed many goods… and whisky.

At

Hamilton’s suggestion, Congress created the Bank of the United States.

Loose construction (interpretation

of the

Constitution) is

believing the government could do anything that the Constitution did not say it could

not

do

.

Hamilton preferred a loose construction.

Strict construction

(interpretation of the Constitution)

is believing

that the government should not do anything—such as start a national bank—that the Constitution did not specifically say it could do. Jefferson resigned at the end of 1793

.

Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson preferred a strict construction.

In 1794, President Washington sent an army to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to put down the Whiskey Rebellion, a protest against the tax on whiskey.

Political

party

--is

a group of people who seek to win elections and hold public office in order to control government policy and programs.

Federalists

and Jeffersonian Republicans were the first political parties in the United States.Slide3

The Presidency of John Adams

The XYZ Affair

Jay’s Treaty- expanded

trade between Britain and the United

States

The French were angry & began seizing American ships in French harbors. In response, Adams sent diplomats to France.French agents, identified only as X, Y, and Z, demanded a bribe before the Americans could see the French foreign minister. The Americans refused to pay and returned home.By 1798, France and the United States were firing on and seizing each other’s ships in an undeclared war.

The Alien and Sedition ActsTaking advantage of the crisis, Federalists pushed the Alien and Sedition Acts through Congress.The Sedition Act of 1798 made it unlawful to criticize government officials unless all charges could be proven. The Federalists used this act to silence Republican opposition.To defy federal power, Virginia and Kentucky passed resolutions that made it possible for them to nullify any federal law they determined to be unconstitutional.Slide4

The Election of 1800

Growing tensions between Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans

Jeffersonians

accused Adams of being a monarchist.

Federalists called Jefferson a godless man who would lead the nation into chaos.John Adams had angered many of his supporters while he was in office. Unable to quiet his critics, Adams failed to win reelection. Technically a tie happened between Jefferson/Burr… 12

th amendment has entered the game!Thomas Jefferson won the 1800 election, a clear leader of those who preferred local government to national government.Slide5

Jefferson Takes Office

Jefferson

won approval by reducing taxes and

reducing the size of the federal government.

Marbury v. Madison

The Supreme Court declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 to be unconstitutional In doing so, the Court established the power of judicial review

— the power of federal courts to review state laws and state court decisions to determine if they are in keeping with the federal Constitution.Louisiana Purchase -1803 bought the French Territory-It doubled the size of the US-Promoted westward expansion-Lewis & Clark

Embargo Act of 1807

To punish Britain and France for harassing American trading ships, Congress passed the act,

outlawing almost all trade with foreign countries.

An embargo is a restriction on trade. Slide6
Slide7

The War of 1812

In the early 1800s, the power of Native Americans was greatly reduced.

Many Americans believed the British encouraged and armed the

Native Americas

in their resistance to American settlement of the West.

In June 1812, President James Madison asked Congress to declare war against the British, and the War of 1812 began. War ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent on December 24,

1814Slide8

Post war issues

In 1816, Republican James Monroe was elected the fifth President during a time of growth and prosperity.

In 1819, the nation experienced its first depression, or severe economic downturn.

In 1820, the Missouri Compromise admitted Missouri to the Union as a slave state, while Maine became a free (

nonslave

) state, keeping the balance in the Senate between slave and free states.Before the compromise, there was 11 free and 10 slave states