Passive after infection transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies vaccinations the administration of antibody either as immunoglobulin or monoclonal antibody ID: 927111
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Vaccinations Immunity Active" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Vaccinations
Slide2Immunity
Active
Passive
-
after infection*- transplacentaltransfer of maternal antibodies*- vaccinations**-the administrationof antibody, either as immunoglobulin or monoclonal antibody **
*
Naturally
acquired
immunity
**
Artificially
acquired
immunity
Slide3Active
immunity
requires
more time to get effectlong actingsafer (less side effects)cheaper
Slide4Vaccinations
- some definitons
VACCINE
=
is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular diseaseVACCINATION= a medical procedure of giving a vaccine to prevent infectious diseases
Slide5Classification of
vaccines
TYPE OF ANTIGENS:
Live
atenuatedBacterial- BCGViral- mumps, measles, rubella(MMR),polio vaccine OPVKilledBacterial -pertussisViral- polio vaccine IPVBiosynthetic vaccines (contain man-made substances that are very similar to pieces of the virus or bacteria) Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccineToxoid vaccines (contain a toxin or chemical made by the bacteria or virus)diphtheria
and tetanus
vaccines
( DTP)
Slide6Classification of
vaccines
Composition
:
Monovalent (hepatitis B vaccine)Polyvalent (IPV, Pnemococcal vaccine)Conjugated (MMR, DTP)
Slide7Live and
killed
vaccines
-
differencesLive vaccinesProduce immunity fasterImmunity after one doseImmunity lasts longerMore dangerous- especially in immunocompromised patients
Slide8Immunization
schedule
in
Poland
TuberculosisDiphteriaTetanusPertussisPolioHepatitisMumps,RubellaHaemophilus influenze infectionInvasive pneumococcal diseaese
Slide9The
immunization
schedule
in Poland established by Chief Sanitary Inspector.It is updated according to epidemiological stuation and european standardsIt comprises mandatory vaccinations in children and adolescents’ population: the kind,number and age of vaccinations and the way of administration
.
Mandatory
vaccines
are
refunded
by
National Health Fund
Reccomended
vaccinations
are
not
refunded
Slide10Mandatory
vaccinations
in
children First 24 hours of life I
dose
–
hepatits
B
intramusculary
(
thigh
)
BCG
vaccine
intradermally
(
left
arm
)
Second
month
of life
(
after
6
weeks
of life)
II
dose
–
hepatits
B
intramusculary
(
thigh
)
I
dose
DTP
vaccination
I
dose
–
Hib
vaccination
I
dose
–
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
subcutaneously
or
intramusculary
4
month
of
life
(
after
14
weeks
of life, 8
weeks
after
previous
vaccination
)
II
dose
DTP
vaccination
II
dose
–
Hib
vaccination
subcutaneously
or
intramusculary
II
dose
–
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
I
dose
polio
vaccination
IPV
subcutaneously
or
intramusculary
Slide11Mandatory
vaccinations
in
children 5-6 month of life(8 weeks after previous
vaccination
)
III
dose
DTP
vaccination
III
dose
–
Hib
vaccination
II
dose
polio
vaccination
IPV
subcutaneously
or
intramusculary
7
month
of life( 6
weeks
after
previous
vaccination
)
III
dose
–
hepatits
B
intramusculary
(
thigh
)
(
immunization
completed
)
13
month
of life
MMR
vaccination
III
dose
–
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
Slide12Mandatory
vaccinations
in
children 16 month
IV
dose
DTP
vaccination
(
immunization
completed
)
IV
dose
Hib
vaccination
(
immunization
completed
)
III
dose
IPV(
immunization
completed
)
subcutaneously
or
intramusculary
6
year
DTaP
revaccination
dose
subcutaneously
or
intramusculary
Polio
revacination
dose
( OPV)
orally
only
to 31.03.2016/
since
01.04.2016
only
IPV
10
year
MMR
revaccination
subcutaneously
or
intramusculary
Slide13Mandatory
vaccinations
in
children 14 year
dTaP
II
revaccination
dose
subcutaneously
or
intramusculary
19
year
Td
III
revaccination
dose
subcutaneously
or
intramusculary
Slide14Contraindications
All
vaccines
Severe
acute or febrile infections (pneumonia, pyelonephritis, meningitis), common contagious diseases (chickenpox, rubella)Acute severe non infectious disease (trauma, acute renal failure, circulatory failure)Exacerbation of chronic diseases (asthma
,
diabetes
,
congenital
heart
defects
)
Slide15Contraindications
LIVE VACCINES
Inherited
immunodeficienciesAcquired immunodeficiencies HIV infection splenectomy neoplasmatic diseases, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, systemic steroids, (transient contraindications)
Slide16Contraindications
INDIVIDUAL VACCINES
Allergy
to a
vaccine component (egg protein- MMR, yeast hepatitis B vaccine, neomycin-)Severe side effects after previous dose of vaccine -Anaphylactic reaction -Other severe side effects( convulsions, fever>40°, hupotonic-hyporesponsive episodes, non-stop crying longer than 3 hours
after
DTP)
Other
: progressive
neurological
disorder-DTP
,
diarrhoea
- OPV
Slide17Characteristics
of
vaccines
Slide18Tuberculosis
vaccination
only
1 dose, in first 24 hours of life( no revaccination)live vaccine- brasilian strain of Mycobacterium bovinum-relatively low immunogenityintradermal injection , 1/3 upper external part of an armproper administration very important to avoid local complicationsno tuberculin test to check efficacy of
vaccination
Slide19Slide20Tuberculosis
vaccination
Evolution
of skin
lesions in a place of injection small 6-8 mm wheal present within the first day→ next 2-3 days infiltration with a small vesicle in the middle→ ulceration smaller than10 mm in the middle → after 2-3 months healing with a scar
Slide21Slide22Tuberculosis
vaccination
Specific
complicationslocal:Ulceration larger than10 mm in a place of injection ,Dermal abscess larger than 10 mm regionalInvolvment of regional – axillar lymphnodes larger than10 mm),general:General infection (BCGitis) : sepsis ostitis, pulmonary tuberculosis,(
hospitalisation
neccessary
,
tuberculostatic
treatment
,
congenital
immunodeficiency
suspected
)
Slide23Tuberculosis
vaccination
no
tuberculin
test to check efficacy of vaccinationTuberculin test presently used as diagnostic procedure Specific contraindications: - acute diseases of neonatal age (Rhesus incompatibility, very low birth weight , prematurity)
Slide24Hepatitis
B Vaccine
Recombinant
vaccine , viral surface antigen Hbs produced by yeast cells with changed genomeVery safe-complications very slight and rare In immunization schedule since 1996 Scheme of vaccination :0-1-6Medical workers – a group of risk
Slide25Hib
Vaccine
Introduced
into immunization schedule as mandatory in 2007 In children born before 2007 recommended( number of doses depends on age)High technology conjugated vaccine polisaccharides conjugated with proteins enhancing their immunogenity Given together with DTPVery safe
Slide26DTP Vaccine
concentrated
,
purified
diphtheria anatoxin,concentrated, purified tetanus anatoxin whole,killed pertussis bacterial cells
Slide27DTP Vaccine
Characteristic
complications
:convulsions with/without fever 72 hours after vaccinationnon-stop crying >3 hoursloss Of conciousness fever>40°hipotensive- hiperreactive syndromanaphylactic reactionAll the mentioned conditions are contraindication to next DTP vaccinationsOther
contraindications
convulsions
in
patients
history
progressive
neurologic
disorders
Slide28Polio Vaccination
2
kinds
of
vaccines IPV-killed, inactivated virus first 3 dosesOPV-live, last dose- revaccination doseIn immunocompromised patients virus can in digestive tract, penetrate into blood vessels and finally enters CNS causing poliomyelitis Incidence of this
complication
1:10 000
000
Individual
contraindication
to OPV
vaccination
is
diarrhoea
, and
allergy
to
aminoglycosydes
(
IPV,OPV
)
OPV
vaccine
is
extremely
dangerous
to
immunocompromised
patients
and
immunocompromised
relatives
of
healthy
patients
Slide29Pneumococcal
vaccine
protect
from invasive pneumococcal disease( meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis)polisaccharide antigensconjugated vaccinethe number of doses depends on age
Slide30MMR Vaccine
3 live
atenuated
virusesSafe- side effects similar to a miled version of diseases caused by viruses included in the vaccine( swelling of the salivary glands, rash, slight fever, lymphnodes enlargment)Good immunogenity- one dose
Slide31Vaccinations
- side effects
(
adverse
reactions)
Slide32Adverse
reactions
Symptom(s)time
related
to vaccinationIt may result from Effect of vaccine antigen*allergic reactions to vaccine antigen or nonspecific component ( rashes, infiltration in a place of injection)*pathologic hyperreactivity of organism(measles-like or rubella-like
symptoms
- MMR,
convulsions
- DTP;
lymphonodes
enlargmennt-BCG
)
*
reversion
of
atenuated
viruses
(
extremely
rare
)-polio
unproper
injection
(
mainly
BCG)
time
coincidence
Slide33Adverse
reactions
Classification
of
adverse reactions to vaccinations according to localisationlocal: redness, swelling, infiltration,pain in a place of injection, limphadenopathy, abscessgeneral: anaphylactic shock, hypotension, fever, rash, hivesCNS: convulsionsother organs and sytems: arthralgia( rubella), orchitis,
parottiditis
(
mumps
), trombocytopenia (
rubella
)
Slide34Adverse
reactions
Classification
of
adverse reactions to vaccinations according to life threatening:severemoderatemildThere is a list of side effects that should be reported.
Slide35Recommended
vaccinations
Slide36Recommended
vaccinations
not
mandatory
, not refunded
Slide37Recommended
vaccinations
Vaccines
reccomended due to epidemiologic causeshepatitis B vaccination in workers of medical servicestick-borne encephalitis vaccine in woodmen in the regions of a high incidence of this diseasehepatitis A to persons traveling to tropic countries of low sanitary standards
influenza
vaccine
in
endemic
incidence
of
disease
Slide38Recommended
vaccinations
Vaccines
reccomended due to individual clinical causesHepatitis B vaccination in patients ,who start dialysis, oncological treatment or are planned for surgeryvaccines against Capsulate bacteria in patients who are planned for splenectomyinfluenza vaccination
in
children
suffering
from
asthma,chronic
heart
diseases
Slide39Recommended
vaccinations
Vaccines
reccomended to all children:Vaccination against Neiseria meningitidisVaccination against chickenpoxVaccination against Rotavirus
Slide40Meningoccocal
vaccine
protect
from meningitis, sepsisMonovalent Men type C vaccineconjugated vaccine (type A,C,Y,W-135)Monovalent Men type B vaccine the number of doses depends on age
Slide41Influenza vaccine
modified
every
year( variability of viral genome)given once a year!intramuscular injectionrecomended for patients suffering from diabetes, renalfailure, asthma, chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases
Slide42Recomended
vaccinations
can be given together with mandatoryIf contraindications occur interval can be prolonged , never shortened
Slide43Have
you
any questions?