Disembarking at Ellis Island 1907 What explains movements of people What patterns are observable Ravensteins Principlesobservable patterns German Geographer 1880s Migrants are more likely to migrate short distances ID: 536564
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Chapter 3: Migration: Human Mobility
Disembarking at Ellis Island, 1907Slide2
What explains movements of people?What patterns are observable?Slide3
Ravenstein’s Principles—observable patternsGerman Geographer, 1880s
Migrants are more likely to migrate short distancesDistance decay/time-space compressionMigration involves two opposite processes
Migrations produce
counterflows
Long-distance migrants head to cities
Rural dwellers more likely to migrate than urban
Women more likely to participate in internal migration, men international (has changed)
“
All things are related, but near things are more related than far things”—Waldo ToblerSlide4
ImmigrationEmigrationNet migrationSlide5
International migration: net migration ratesSlide6
International migrationInternal migrationInterregionalIntraregionalSlide7
International migration corridorsSlide8
Forced VoluntaryRefugee?Slide9Slide10
Consider the case of Cubans:Why Are Cubans Granted Refugee Status?http://www.wnyc.org/story/99820-why-do-we-still-call-cuban-immigrants-refugees/
Read a college student’s assessment of US refugee policy:The Haitian Dilemma
http://
twp.duke.edu
/
uploads
/
assets
/
Daniels.pdfSlide11
What explains international movements of people?Zelinsky’s Migration Transition TheoryEveritt Lee’s Push & PullSaskia
Sassen—government policySlide12Slide13
Be sure to understand the factors driving low birth rates, as described in our textbook.
Working Age People: Retirement Age People Ratio
Immigration-
3 million immigrants needed each year!Slide14
Everitt Lee: Push vs PullEconomicSocialEnvironmentalSlide15
Saskia Sassen—Importance of Government Policy
Migrations are patterned & influenced by state policy
Guest vs.
Alien
Favored immigrants in the U.S.?
Guest Worker Programs
Read more about Professor
Sassen
of Columbia
University
:
http://www.saskiasassen.com/
Slide16
Changes in source countries to the U.S. reflect demographic change in EuropeThis changes in 1965Are there favored immigrants in the U.S.?Slide17
Guest Workers in Europe
Fig. 3-9: Guest workers emigrate mainly from Eastern Europe and North Africa to work in the wealthier countries of Western Europe.Slide18
Germany: Guest Workers
Click above to view “Germany: Guest Workers” video.Slide19
Cleaning the Paris streets.Slide20
Construction workers in DubaiSlide21
Internal Migration InterregionalIntraregionalSlide22
The Okies arrive in California—a scene from The Grapes of Wrath
Interregional migration.
What factors influenced this migration flow?Slide23
Interregional migration
Does
state policy influence flows of internal migration
?
Can internal migration be forced?
Trail of Tears Sculpture, Chattanooga, TN. Start of the path the Cherokee were forced to
Take to Oklahoma in 1838Slide24
Net in-migration or out-migration in U.S., by county.
2000-2004Slide25
Net in-migration or out-migration in U.S., by county.
2007-2008Slide26
The percentage has declined from 20% in the late 1980s to 12 percent by the 2010sSlide27
Internal migration in China.
What is influencing these flows?Slide28
Rapid rural to urban migration in much of the developing world has occurred in the last 2 decades.
Overurbanization
?
Lima, PeruSlide29
What other processes are important in shaping migration flows (international)?How does the past shape the present?Slide30
What was colonialism?How was colonialism justified?
The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much.
Joseph ConradSlide31
Four historical periods of European colonialismMercantile, 1500-1780Industrial, 1780-1870Classical, 1870-1914Decline, 1914---?Slide32
ClassicalStage:The ScrambleFor AfricaSlide33
Decline
stage: conquering the Middle EastSlide34
What are the legacies of colonialism?New connections between people, placesCultural sharing—language, religion…New political boundariesUnderdeveloped infrastructureElite classConflict?Slide35
How did colonialism & imperialism create relationships that are being expressed through migration today?Algeria & FranceU.S. & MexicoSlide36
Algeria & France
--The French conquest of Algeria, 1830
--Warnier’s Law,
1873
--Pied NoirSlide37
Jean-Marie LePen at a rally on March 7, 2010. The sign reads “No to Islamism.
You’re with LePen” and shows a map of France covered by an Algerian flag and
Minarets. Source: ReutersSlide38Slide39
The independent Republic of Mexico, 1847Slide40
Treat of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848Slide41
Push
Pull
Land
privatization--Diaz
RR—Southern Pacific
Agriculture—Irrigation
of CA farmlands.
Revolution
(1910-1920)
W
WI,
Federal Immigration Act,
1917
Mexican Emigration to the U.S.—early 20
th
CenturySlide42
1930s RepatriationSlide43
The Bracero Program: 1945-1964Guest worker programSlide44