Std 10 201415 H SC Facilitator Jasmina S LAUNDERING OF CLOTHES Laundering involves washing dryingfinishing and storing Two Processes Washing to remove stain and dirt ID: 411582
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Slide1
Textiles and Clothing
Std 10 2014-15
H SC
Facilitator :
Jasmina
SSlide2
LAUNDERING OF CLOTHES
Laundering involves washing, drying,finishing and storing
Two
Processes:
Washing –to remove stain and dirt
Finishing-restoring its lustre and crispness
If they are not laundered properly they loose their durability and colourSlide3
Principle of laundering
Process of removing dirt from fabrics
Process of finishing to restore the original colour ,quality and maintain the durability of the fabricsSlide4
Methods
Sorting
Preparation
Steeping
Washing
Rinsing
Starching and Blueing
Drying
Finishing
Storage of clothes
Dry CleaningSlide5
Sorting
Fibre Type :cotton ,silk, wood, synthetic material
Use: Personal separated from household linen
Color: Dark separated from white
Degree of dirt: Heavy soiled garment from light soiled garmentsSlide6
Preparation
Mend and repair all tear
Replace buttons
Remove stains
Turn the garment inside out
Sort the clothes acc to their fibre, color,textureSlide7
Enamel bowls and basins
Various purpose
Starching
Blueing
Washing small and delicate articlesSlide8
Scrubbing brushes and boards
Made of wood with wooden frame work
Usually 12 inches width and 18 inches in length
Strip stops half way the length
Board is placed in the tub such that bottom touches the water in the tub ,other end rest at the waist.
Article is placed on this and soaped, rubbed up and down
Soft bristled brush is used to scrub it clean.Slide9
Suction Washer
Consist of 2 parts
Top part is wooden hand
Bottom part is the washer-hollow inside and has holes all over its broad base, requires special care.
Articles are placed in the basin full of soap solution ,the washer is worked up and down on the clothesSlide10
Drying racks ,cloth lines ,pegs or cloth pins
Out door drying is possible all the year round.
Drying racks , and clothes to be placed as per convenience.
Clothes pins are used to hold the clothes on the line to prevent it from dust and dirt Slide11
Iron , Ironing board or tables
Finishing the laundry clothes
Many varieties are available-Electric Iron , Charcoal Iron-wt and designs
Iron boards –removes fatigue and improves efficiency
Board ht should be adjustable –members of the family.Slide12
Steeping
Soak in soap solution
Use of warm water-loosens dirt, removes
stain
, starch
of previous laundering is softened
Use clean plastic bucket
Light clothes to be soaked for 10
mins
Dirty for 30
minsSlide13
Washing
Essential factors in the process of cleaning is the solvent to remove grease and application of pressure
Four ways of applying pressure
1 Application of friction:
Hand rubbing- Friction is applied when there is less stain on small articles and lightly soiled
Scrubbing by brush
Rubbing and scrubbingSlide14
Application of pressure
2 Application of light pressure:
Applied on light fabrics soaked in soap water through squeezing. Continue till lather left disappears (indicates presence of dirt)
Heavy soiled can be brushed with soft brushSlide15
Application of pressure
3 Application of suction
Small and large fabrics can be washed
Method: Cloth is seeped in soap
soln
and suction washer is worked up and down to remove dirt
Saves time and
labourSlide16
Application of Pressure
4) Use of Washing Machine
Cloth is agitated in a
soap solution by revolving . Rinsing is done
Labour
saving device
High costSlide17
Rinsing
Cloth is rinsed after washing –plenty of hot ,clear soft water
Cold water hardens the soap and makes it difficult to remove dirt
Retains whiteness of the fabric
Rinse clothes 2-3 times in clean waterSlide18
Starching and blueing
/bluing
Clothes are starched for the purpose of keeping them clean longer , also to give them a fresher and newer appearance
1 quart boiling water. 1 ½ tablespoonfuls of starch.
½. teaspoonful of borax.
½ teaspoonful of white wax or fat.
Mix the starch with a little cold water. Then add the borax and fat. Pour boiling water over this mixture and boil gently for about ten minutes or until it becomes almost transparent. Starch should be strained to prevent lumps and should be used while hotSlide19
Starching and blueing
On white cotton and linen clothes are blued
Water containing starch and blues should be stirred well –streaks and patches
Cloth
shd
be squeezed inside water with hands Slide20
Drying
Cotton and linen – SUN
Clothes turned upside down
Moisture to be squeezed with hands
Straightened and smoothenedSlide21
FINISHING
Ironing: Process of running hot iron with forward and backward movement on the cloth to remove crease
Cotton cloth-dampened before ironing
Right and wrong side
Attention –pleats, collar, frills etc
Damp muslin cloth on
woollen
fabrics
Silk-less of ironing, no water to be sprinkledSlide22
Ironing
Pressing:
Placing hot iron on the creased surface and lifting it OFF and ON
on
the creased surface –no forward backward movement
Dry pressing
done on dry clothes and wet pressing over moist muslin cloth over the garment
eg
woollen
Non automatic iron
-traditional
eg
electricity and coal
Automatic iron
-lighter in wt and works on electricity. Regulates temp Slide23
Steaming
Utilized for fabrics which have piled weaving
eg
Velvet and velveteen
Pile is neither ironed nor pressed for removing wrinkles
On a gas stove or heater, water is boiled in a kettle . Damp article before it gets totally dry, is held before the jet of the steam coming out of the nozzle and it removes the wrinklesSlide24
Calendering
Commercial scale
Straight piece of cloth (not stitched) is moistened and passed between 2 large heated metal rollers which rotates continuously in the opposite direction.
The heat and pressure of the metal rollers removes the wrinkles from the fabric
Textile mills-cloth is manufacturedSlide25
Ironing
Used on cotton , silk and synthetic fabrics
Different fabrics have different heat resistance hence iron has to be heated at different temp
Synthetic clothes need very less heat to crease out the wrinkles.
Cotton and linen are ironed at high temp
Precaution: Maintain appropriate temp -turn yellow /scorched (damage the texture)/burntSlide26
DRY CLEANING
Dry cleaning
(or
dry-cleaning
) is any cleaning process for
clothing
and
textiles
using a chemical
solvent
rather than
water
.
Principles:
to remove dirt from fabrics without using water
restore the durability
lustre
, shine and color of the fabricSlide27
Dry Cleaning Solvents and Absorbents
Solvents
–help to remove oily stains and easily absorbed by the fabric.
Liquids and evaporates quickly
Solvents : Petrol, Benzene,
Methylated
- spirit, Mineral turpentine, carbon tetrachloride
They are highly inflammable –use with special careSlide28
Dry Cleaning-Absorbent
Absorbent :
Dry powder :fuller’s earth ,
french
chalk, talcum powder, salt, bran , sulfur, baked flour, bread crumbs, etc
Used –heavily soiled parts like collars,
cuffs,light
color Slide29
Methods and Principles of DC
Sorting :Color, Use, Garments
Color: White colored separated from dark colored
Use: Draperies are separated from daily use clothes
Garments: brushed well to remove all loose particles of dirtSlide30
Cleaning
Clothes-Dry cleaning cylinder
Delicate clothes are put in net bags
Solvent is flowed through perforated drums into the garmentSlide31
Advantages and Disadvantages of DC
Advantages
Soft fabrics ,pile fabrics ,crisp fabrics are
drycleaned
successfully without damage
Pleated and set garments retain their shape and size after dry cleaning
No effect on natural or special finishes given to the fabricSlide32
Dry Cleaning
Disadvantages
Expensive Process
Solvents create air pollution
Most solvents are inflammable
Special care, skill and equipment are required for its handling
Solvents cannot remove water soluble dirt and stainsSlide33
Things learnt
Principles of laundry
Laundry equipments
10 Methods of laundry –sorting, preparation, steeping, washing, rinsing, starching and bluing, drying,
finishing
, storing
.
Dry cleaning-Principles, advantages and disadvantages, Solvents and absorbents