PPT-Disorders of Water, Electrolytes & Acid–Base Metabolism

Lecture 5 Introduction A complex system of chemical buffers together with highly specialized mechanisms of the lungs and kidneys continuously work together to ensure a precise balance of water electrolytes and pH in both the intracellular and extracellular compartments of the human body . Water, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance. Learning Objectives. Explain regulation of electrolytes in the body; major ions in the intracellular and extracellular fluid and units of concentration. Describe common disturbances of water balance and pathogenesis. Definitions . Strong Acids. HCl. HBr. HI. HNO. 3. HClO. 4. H. 2. SO. 4. Acid: a species that supplies H. +. ions to water. Strong acid: an acid that completely ionizes in water forming an H. +. ion and an anion. Prof. Tahir . Shafi. Why should we know about acid base disorders. What are acid base disorders. How to interpret acid base disorder. How to establish the cause. Why to worry about acid base disorders. Elizabeth Pash MS, RD, . LDN. Research, Scientific & Medical Affairs: . Abbott Nutrition . Disclosures. Employee. Abbott Nutrition . Learning Outcomes:. At the end of the session the learner will be able . Daley & . Daley. Chapter 5. :. Acid-base theory. 5.1 Acids & bases: overview & basics. 5.2 Acid & base strength. 5.3 Equilibrium acid-base reactions. 5.4 The leveling effect of solvents. Combined EM/IM Residency Program. Virginia Commonwealth University Health System. Overview. Physiologic Effects of Acid-Base Disturbances. Traditional (Schwartz-Bartter) Approach. Stewart Method. Fluid Resuscitation. Acids are all around us.. Foods like lemons, limes, and oranges contain acidic compounds.. When wine is oxidized, it becomes acetic acid.. Our muscles produce lactic acid.. Our stomach uses hydrochloric acid to break down food.. - . Hyper and Hyponatremia. - Hyper and Hypokalemia. - Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of . ADH. - Diabetes . insipidus. . Asst. Prof. Dr. Dalya Basil . Disorder of Electrolytes. Strong Acids. HCl. HBr. HI. HNO. 3. HClO. 4. H. 2. SO. 4. Acid: a species that supplies H. +. ions to water. Strong acid: an acid that completely ionizes in water forming an H. +. ion and an anion. vs. Non-electrolytes. Electrolytes . vs. Non-Electrolytes. Electrolyte. Non-Electrolyte. When dissolved in water, . allows. for . electron flow. When. dissolved in water, . does not allow. . for . Many critical illnesses can disturb acid-base balance.. Acid-base disturbances may indicate an underlying disease or organ damage.. Accurate interpretation of acid-base disturbances requires the following:. Gas Analysis. (Part . I). april. 2018. Clinical Pathology fellowship program. Definitions. Term. Definition. Acid (HA). A substance that can yield a hydrogen\ hydronium ion when dissolved in water (gives off a H. Presentors. Kay . Gunckel. , DVM . Keri Riddick, DVM. What Are Electrolytes?. Sodium . na. Potassium k. Chloride cl. A horse needs electrolytes for muscle contraction (including the heart muscle). Electrolytes help preserve intestinal motility. Acid. is defined as a substance which when dissolved in water gives hydrogen ions. (H +) . Examples.. Base is defined as a substance which when dissolved in water gives hydroxyl ions. (OH-) . Examples..