Authored By:Scott Bowe, Patrick Molzahn, Brian Bond,erry Mace, and Ste - PDF document

Authored By:Scott Bowe, Patrick Molzahn, Brian Bond,erry Mace, and Steve Hubbard PUB-FR-396 2007 of lumber each year. There are many different kilndesigns including solar, dehumidification, direct orsolar kiln design and operation. However, solarproduced quality kiln dried lumber, was functionalthroughout the year, was reasonably inexpensivepowered it with a common basement dehumidifier,of 4/4Ó lumber. This plan allows for flexibility in the Materials List andBuilding Plans purchased at a local home center, except the remotelocal electronics store. Total costs for the materialsincluding a plan view, section view, front elevation, backThe floor system was framed using 2Óx 8Óconstructionquarter inch CDX plywood was used for the inside floor.floor; however, rigid foam acts as it own vapor barrier.The side and rear wall systems were framed using 2팀x㛓T-111 plywood siding was used on the exterior walls.R-19 fiberglass batts. Figure 1: A plastic vapor barrier was used between theinside wall sheathing and wall studs. Standard hardware used for the framing included 16dand 8d nails.Stainless steel screws should be usedit is important to use stainless steel fasteners whichcome in contact withpressure treated wood. ACQnon-coated and galvanized fasteners. These fasteners Electronic Equipment relative humiditysetting and too much water wasare required for different species and thicknesses toachievea safe allowable moisture removal rate (seeFigure 7). Alternatively, the dehumidifier could havehumidistat. These humidistats have a wider relative on since the heat generated by the dehumidifierÕsheater would likely be needed to reach desired Figure 5: Heater, measuring bucket, and dehumidifier Figure 6: Hygrometer/thermometer. PREPARING THE LUMBER coating immediatelyafter sawing to prevent largedry. The end coated lumber should then be stacked inthe front side of the stack and approximately 30 inchesof clearance onthe rear side of the stack (dehumidifierneat layers, separated by stickers or spacers runningperpendicularto the lumberÕs length. The lumber inkept dry. Stickers are placed perpendicular to theboardsÕ length, every 12 to 18 inches along the pileÕs Lessons Learned As mentioned earlier, stainless steel fasteners andpotential for stained or discolored lumber. Alternative.Oneforgiving for the novice operator. Basic Operation of aLumber Dry Kiln Although lumber drying is a very simple process, itcan quickly be destroyed beyond use by extensiveetc.). Wkiln operation materials such as the Dry Kiln OperatorÕsManual listed at the end of this publication. In addition,several kiln operator training courses are offered in the For information on drying schedules and schedulesfor specific species and thicknesses, see the referenceto the Dry Kiln OperatorÕs Manual and the Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperateand Tropical In measuring the rates of moisture loss, it is impracticalare not accurate above 30 percent moisture content.Therefore, the sample board method should be usedkiln. This method uses short, carefully chosen sampleboards sawn from larger pieces of lumber and thesemoistures are calculated. Since the wettest or slowestkind of lumberwood, the widest and thickest boards, lumber with themost heartwood, and boards that are quartersawnwhenever possible (see Appendix C: Procedures forCutting and Using Sample Boards). MONITORING THE DRYINGPROCESS country. This will limit the amount of dimensional changesdried to 12 to 15 percent moisture content. Softwood19 percent moisture content. However, fewer building WalnutTBlack GumBlack GumBirch, YellowAsh, White10.44.1 1Ó Thick MAXIMUM RATE OF MCLOSS PER DA%% 2Ó Thick 4.51.86.12.45.82.310.44.15.32.16.52.613.85.51.0 - 2.5-3.81.52.51.013.85.510.94.38.25.5 Figure 7: Safe Drying Rates for North AmericanHardwoods. This project would not have been possible withoutthe cooperation and support of Mr. Patrick Molzahn Cabinetmaking and Millwork Program Director atthe Madison Area Technical College Mr. Molzahn United States Department of Agriculture ForestService State and Private Forestry Economic ActionProgram administered by Mr. Lew McCreery for informational purposes only. The authors do not SCOTT BOWE Associate Professor and Wood Specialist University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI ATRICK MOLZAHN Cabinetmaking and Millwork Program Director Madison Area T BRIAN BOND Associate Professor Department of Wood Science & Forest Products,Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA RICHARD BERGMAN Drying Specialist Forest Products Laboratory, Madison WI Forest Products Utilization and Marketing Specialist Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources - Divisionof Forestry STEVE HUBBARD Wood Consultant Hubbard Forest Solutions, LLC, Madison WI Additional Web-basedReferences LUMBER DRYING MANUALS of charge from www.fpl.fs.fed.us: Simpson, W. T., ed. 1991. Dry Kiln OperatorÕs Manual.Service. Forest Products Laboratory. Madison, WI. .fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/usda/ah188/ah188.htm Denig, J., E. M. Wengert, and W. T. Simpson. 2000.Drying Hardwood Lumber. United States Department ofAgriculture. Forest Service. Forest Products Laboratory.General Technical Report. FPL-GTR-118. .fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fplgtr118.pdf Boone, R., C. J. Kozlik, P. J. Bois, and E. M. Wengert.1993. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fplgtr57.pdf Service. Forest Products Laboratory. General Technical .fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fplgtr117.pdf WEB RESOURCES Department of Forest Ecology and Management,University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI ech, Blacksburg, VA www.woodscience.vt.edu/ Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI www.fpl.fs.fed.us/ PPENDIXA:LumberDryKilnBillofMaterials TEMMATERIALCOST/UNIT OTAL COST Runners4Ó x 4Ó x 12Õ TTD$11.16$22.32loor1/2Ó x 4Ó x 8Õ TTD Plywood$32.84$98.52Floor3/4Ó x 4Ó x 8Õ CDX$28.86$86.04Joists2Ó x 8Ó x 12Õ$11.77$23.54enter Blocking2Ó x 8Ó x 8Õ$7.96$7.96Joists2Ó x 8Ó x 8Õ$7.96$15.92oists2Ó x 8Ó x 8Õ$7.96$55.72nsulation2Ó x 4Ó x 8Õ Rigid Foam$19.89$159.12nsulation1Ó x 4Ó x 8Õ Rigid Foam$9.45$28.35tuds2Ó x 6Ó x 92-5/8Ó$5.92$177.60lates2Ó x 6Ó x 92-5/8Ó$5.92$35.52lates2Ó x 6Ó x 12Õ$8.81$44.05eader9-1/2Ó LLFLF$3.09$61.80nsulation150 SF150 SF$14.99$44.97nterior Sheathing1/2Ó x 4Ó x 8Ó CDX$21.01$168.08iding1/2Ó x 4Ó x 8Ó T-111$37.53$375.30ill Sealer50Õ Roll$3.60$3.60orners1Ó x 4Ó x 8Õ$3.36$26.88ZÓ Flashing1-1/4Ó x 10Õ$2.26$11.302Ó x 4Ó x 10Õ$3.73$14.92apor BarrierRoll$12.99$12.99rames2Ó x 4Ó x 8Õ SPF$2.98$26.82Moulding1Ó x 4Ó x 8Õ SPF$3.36$33.60nsulationRigid Foam$14.65$58.60asing1Ó x 4Ó x 8Õ SPF$3.36$26.88afters2Ó x 6Ó x 10Õ$7.93$55.51ub-fascia2Ó x 6Ó x 12Õ$8.81$17.62ascia1Ó x 8Ó x 10Õ SPF$6.65$13.30ascia1Ó x 8Ó x 12Õ SPF$7.98$15.96offit1/4Ó x 4Ó x 8Õ$14.50$14.50nterior Sheathing1/2Ó x 4Ó x 8Õ CDX$21.01$84.04xterior Sheathing1/2Ó x 4Ó x 8Õ CDX$21.01$42.02nsulation100 SF100 SF$14.99$29.98elt15# Asphalt Felt$13.94$13.94hinglesFiberglass$11.99$47.96rip EdgeÒDÓ Style 10Õ Lengths$2.78$13.90Doors-$5.47$65.64andles for Doors-$6.24$49.92eather-stripping10Õ/Package10Õ/Package$2.56$17.92hole House Fans-$37.99$151.96ehumidifier-$229.00$229.00Hose-$5.74$5.74lectric Space Heater-$49.98$49.98emote Hygrometer/Thermometer-$54.68$54.68xterior StainGallons$20.96$41.92aint for InteriorGallons$15.98$31.96nchor Seal End CoatingQuarts$18.00$36.00 AL COST OF BUILDING MATERIALS$2,703.85ECKLLSDOORSROOFHARDWREISC. PPENDIXB-1:PlanView PPENDIXB-2:SectionView PPENDIXB-3:FrontElevation PPENDIXB-4:BackElevation PPENDIXB-5:DoorDetails PPENDIXB-6:DoorJambDetails PPENDIXC:ProceduresforCuttingandUsingSampleBoards PROCEDURES FOR CUTTING AND USING SAMPLE BOARDS 1.Select a few boards from the stack of lumber that represent the slowest drying material. These would be2.Cut a 24 to 30 inch sample that is3.accuracy of about one gram requiredaccuracy of about one gram requiredsee Figure Bsee Figure B, weigh the 5.Place the sample board in the lumber stack in a location where it will dry at the same rate as the rest of the6.Place the one inch sections in an oven 215¼F102¼C to 103¼C102¼C to 103¼CÐ7.MCMC %MC=- 1x 100 Wet WeightOven Dry Weight Dry Weight Wet Weight Step #4Step #4 100 + %MC100 + %MC= Current %MC=- 1x 100 Current WeightEstimated Oven Dry Weight Figure A: Dimensions of a sample board for controlling the drying process. PUB-FR-396 2007