Islam and its Architecture - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Islam and its ArchitectureOpening Agenda

Things you need:

Adventures in the Human Spirit Text

Guided note sheets – pages 25-32

Things to do:

Opener - Reading on Islam

Notes: Islam and Architecture

Class work: Arabesques, Mosque of Cordoba, and the Dome of the Rock Slide2

Opener ReviewWrite these answers on the back of your guided notes.

1) Name the religion that is the world’s oldest continuing religion?

2) Describe the floor plan of a Hindu temple.

3) Describe the garba griha.4) Why are some parts of the Hindu temple painted white?5) Why is the Hindu temple located near water?6) Is there one God or many gods in Hinduism? Explain. Slide3

The Rise of Islam - Page124-128 (page 32)

1.) ______________________________ was the founder and prophet of Islam

2.) Why might some Muslims today commit suicide, through terrorism, in defense of Islam?

3.) ___________________ is the name of the event from which Muslims date their calendar.4.) To what three other prophets, in Islam, might Muhammad be compared?5.)________________________ is the universal language of Islam.6.) In what direction do Muslims face during prayer? 7.) Islamic achievements were greatest in _________,  _________, and _________.

 8.) The world can thank Arabic centers of learning for preserving the works of these two Greek philosophers: _______________ and _________________.

9.) The ____________________________________, in Jerusalem, sits on the site where Jews believed Abraham prepared to sacrifice Isaac and where Muslims believed Muhammad ascended to visit heaven.

10.) What is meant by “a common religious heritage…..among Jews, Christians, and Muslims?”Slide4

Opener - The Rise of Islam - Page124-128

1.) ______________________________ was the founder and prophet of Islam

Muhammad

2.) Why might some Muslims today commit suicide, through terrorism, in defense of Islam?Death in defense of Islam brings immediate reward of Paradise3.) ___________ is the name of the event from which Muslims date their calendar.Hegira

4.) To what three other prophets, in Islam, might Muhammad be compared?

Abraham, Moses, and Jesus

5.)________________________ is the universal language of Islam.

Arabic

6.) In what direction do Muslims face during prayer? 

Mecca (East for USA)

7.) Islamic achievements were greatest in _________,  _________, and _________.

science, mathematics and philosophy

 8.) The world can thank Arabic centers of learning for preserving the works of these two Greek philosophers: ____________ and _________________.

Plato and Aristotle.

9.) The _________, in Jerusalem, sits on the site where Jews believed Abraham prepared to sacrifice Isaac and where Muslims believed Muhammad ascended to visit heaven.

Dome of the Rock

10.) What is meant by “a common religious heritage…..among Jews, Christians, and Muslims?” Your opinion but use supporting evidence!Slide5

Opener #3The Rise of Islam - Page124-128

1.)

Muhammad

was the founder and prophet of Islam2.) Why might some Muslims today commit suicide, through terrorism, in defense of Islam? Death in defense of Islam brings immediate reward of Paradise3.) Hegira is the name of the event from which Muslims date their calendar.4.) To what three other prophets, in Islam, might Muhammad be compared?

Abraham, Moses, and Jesus

5.)

Arabic

is the universal language of Islam.

6.) In what direction do Muslims face during prayer? 

Mecca (East for USA)

7.) Islamic achievements were greatest in

science, mathematics and philosophy.

 8.) The world can thank Arabic centers of learning for preserving the works of these two Greek philosophers:

Plato and Aristotle.

9.) The

Dome of the Rock

, in Jerusalem, sits on the site where Jews believed Abraham prepared to sacrifice Isaac and where Muslims believed Muhammad ascended to visit heaven.

10.) What is meant by “a common religious heritage…..among Jews, Christians, and Muslims?”

Opinion – Answers will vary.Slide6

Islam Overview

Basic Information:

Islam – means submission to God

Mecca – origin of Islam; most holy cityRamadan – 9th month on the Hegira, considered holy

1500 years

Interesting Aspects:

No pork or alcohol

Male Circumcision

Polygamy permitted but not practiced universally

Loans are not allowed to carry

interest

Intense study of

mathematics

Five Pillars of Islam

One god,

Allah

Pray 5 times

a day towards

Mecca

.

Donate wealth

to charity.

Ramadan

– fast sunrise to sunset.

Hajj

to Mecca, once in a life time

Similar to the Eight Fold Path (Buddhism) & Ten Commandments (Christianity) Slide7

Spread of Islam from 622-750 C.E.What aspect of Islam would have caused it to spread so quickly?(Yellow - 10 years, Light Purple 39 years, Dark Purple 128 years)Slide8

Qur’an (Koran)

Holy

text

of Islam114 surahs (chapters)Arabic – language of IslamKufic scriptearliest of Arabic

calligraphy styles

-

decorative

, seen on the

outside and inside

of a

mosqueSlide9

Islam and Figurative ImagesAllah

is

beyond all imagining

so there are no paintings or pictures of himArabesquesintricate designs with sacred text - decorative motif; organic and geometric elements of Islamic art used to decorate the walls of mosques that reflect the “infinite, uncentralized, nature of the creation of Allah”. conveys spirituality without the iconography of Christian art.

Geometric arabesque tiling on the underside of the dome of the Tomb of Hafez in Shiraz.Slide10

Arabesque ApplicationObjective:

To understand the complexity of an arabesque design by creating an Islamic Tile

Assignment:

You will decorate an Islamic tile provided by creating an arabesque designDesign colors should be limited to create unity within all tilesTime Allotted: 15 minutesExamples:Slide11

The MosqueSlide12

Structures of the Mosque

Minaret

Slender tower near a mosqueUsed by the muezzin to call out for people to come to prayer

MinaretSlide13

Structures of the Mosque

Mihrab

Niche indicating Mecca, direction Muslims pray.

Holiest place in a mosquecan be of wood or masonry and is adorned with pillarsdecorated

MihrabSlide14

Structures of the Mosque

Minbar

Pulpit in a mosque

next to the mihrabPlatform from which anyone can speak , not just religious leadersSpeaker never goes to the top step ;

reserved for Allah and the Prophet Muhammad

MinbarSlide15

Identify the major structures found in a mosque. Slide16

The Mosque of CordobaAnswer the following questions on your learning guide

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULptVmaMjYw&feature=youtube_gdata_player

Slide17

Mosque of CordobaConstruction begun 784

Enlarged in the 9

th

and 10th centuries Eventually became one of the largest mosques in the Muslim WestIn 1236, Ferdinand III king of Castile consecrated the Great Mosque as the

city's

cathedral

The building is now a mix of Islamic and Christian sacred structures

Structures:

Hypostyle prayer hall plan

consisting of a

rectangular prayer hall

and an

enclosed courtyard

Hypostyle prayer hall

A hall with a roof supported by columns

36 piers, 514 columns, double arch system that carries a wooden roof

Needed to raise a taller roof using shorter columns (reuse/recycle) Slide18

Dome of the Rock

Preview of the first great

Islamic building:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9gKgHjSGFs&feature=youtube_gdata_player Slide19

Dome of the Rock

This

shrine

was built in Jerusalem by the 9th ruler between 688-691.Built not only to proclaim the supremacy of Islam, but to ensure that

new followers of Islam would not be tempted by Christianity.

Significance of this site for the following religions:

Judaism

Over the

foundation stone

Importance is similar to Mecca for Islam

where

Abraham

was going to

sacrifice

his son,

Isaac

Stands above the believed

location of Solomon's Temple and Herod’s Temple

Christianity

Constantine's mom built the first Christian church near this site

Constantine was Rome’s first Christian emperor

Islam

Muhammad ascended to Paradise

from this rock to

speak to Allah

and then returned as Allah’s prophet. Slide20

Dome of the Rock

Why is it so pretty?

Basic structures:

Columns (different sizes), mirhabDetailsFull moon decoration on the top (symbolizes crescent moon symbol of Islam

Turkish tiles on the top (from the restoration in 50s-60s) and white marble on the bottom.

Arabic inscriptions from the

Qur’an.

Mathematical rhythm.

All dimensions of the center circle are related to the major structures.

For example: each outer wall is 67 ft. long, which is exactly the dome’s diameter and exactly its height from the base of the drum. Slide21

Dome of the Rock To recap… Slide22
Slide23

Dome of the Rock AnalysisObjective:To gain a greater understanding of the Dome of the Rock

Assignment:

Annotate the article by

Circling the most important word and phrase in each paragraphSummarize each paragraph in the space providedTime allotted: 15 minutesSlide24

Dome of the Rock Analysis

Determine whether or not the Dome of the Rock is a mosque, a shrine, a holy space, or a palace. Slide25

Dome of the Rock Analysis

Objective:

Determine whether or not the Dome of the Rock is a mosque, a shrine, Secular public space, or a palace. 1) Mosque- an Islamic structure for worship that includes minarets, a minbar, and a mihrab 2)

Shrine

- a structure dedicated or reserved for a person or special event

3)

Secular public space

: where individuals congregate without a religious association

4)

Palace

- residence of royalty

Assignment:

Complete the handout provided to determine the function of the Dome of the Rock

Time Allotted:

10 minutes

Slide26

So…What is it?Place your answer where appropriate.

It’s a mosque.

It’s

shrine.It’s a sacred

public place.

It’s a

palace. Slide27

Why does understanding the importance of the Dome of the Rock matter? Answer the question above on the back of your Islam guided notes as you watch the following clip.

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/22/world/middleeast/jews-challenge-rules-to-claim-heart-of-jerusalem.html?_

r=0

Slide28

Exit Slip1) Name the structures seen below:

2) What structure is considered

the holiest in Islam?

3) Is the Dome of the Rock a mosque or a shrine?4) Define arabesque. 5) What basic architectural structure is essential to holding up the roof of the Mosque of Cordoba?

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