Risk factors L Vu J Pulerwitz B Zieman C Banura J Okal E Yam Introduction Little is known about how early adolescents EAs ages 1014 perceive gender norms Valid tools are needed to measure EA perceptions of gender norms ID: 595837
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MEASURING GENDER NORMS AMONG EARLY ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG people IN UGANDA: TOOL VALIDITY AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH HIV Risk factors
L. Vu, J. Pulerwitz, B. Zieman, C. Banura, J. Okal, E. YamSlide2
IntroductionLittle is known about how early adolescents (EAs: ages 10-14) perceive gender norms
Valid tools are needed to measure EA perceptions of gender normsMethods2-stage cluster-sampled household survey of 960 participants aged 10-24
Measured support for inequitable gender norms using GEM Scale
Assesses sexual relationships, violence, sexual and reproductive health, and domestic chores
Scale validated in confirmatory factor analysis; 18 items retained Slide3
Inequitable gender norms were pervasive among both age groups
Most agreed to inequitable statementsFigure 1: Comparison of inequitable GEMS scores by age
10-14s held greater inequitable views than 15-24s
(p<0.001)Slide4
Early sexual debut (first sex before age 15)
Lower comprehensive knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention (5-item UNAIDS scale)
Non-condom use at last sex
Experience of physical or sexual violence (last 12 months)
Among 15+, greater
inequitable gender norms were significantly associated with:Slide5
Conclusions GEM Scale is a valid measure of gender norms among both 10-14s and 15-24s
By early adolescence, the process of internalizing inequitable gender norms has already begunThere are opportunities for gender-transformative programming among adolescents as young as 10-14Slide6