Music Key Signatures Copy down the key signatures from the board Note how each can mean two keys a major or a relative minor There is more information on key signatures on p43 of your blue literacy workbook ID: 377898
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Slide1
National 5
MusicSlide2
Key Signatures
Copy down the key signatures from the board.
Note how each can mean two keys – a major or a relative minor.
There is more information on key signatures on p43 of your blue literacy workbook.Slide3
Time Signatures
Time signatures tell us how many beats are in the bar.
Music can be in
simple time
or
compound time
.
Simple time signatures have beats which can be split into 2 quavers and the bottom number is 4.
Compound time signatures have beats which can be split into 3 quavers and the bottom number is 8.Slide4
Simple and compound time
In
compound time
, each beat is split into
three
quavers – you can count “strawberry
strawberry
” along with it.
In
simple time
, each beat is split into two quavers – you can count “apple apple” along with it.
.
Simple time
Compound time
2/4
2 beats per bar
6/8
2 beats per bar
3/4
3 beats per bar
9/8
3 beats per bar
4/4
4 beats per bar
12/8
4 beats per barSlide5
Anacrusis
An anacrusis is where the piece does not begin on the first beat of the bar,
eg
in Happy Birthday.
Memory tip: sing the word “anacrusis” to the beginning of happy birthday.Slide6
Dynamics
Crescendo
– gradually
getting louder
Diminuendo
– gradually
getting quieter
Sforzando – suddenly loud (sfz)
Fortissimo
ForteMezzo forte
Mezzo pianoPianoPianissimo
Very loudLoudModerately loudModerately quiet
QuietVery quietSlide7
Tempo
Adagio
Slow
Andante
Walking pace
Allegro
Quick, lively
A
tempo
– the direction given to return to the original speed
Accellerando – gradually getting fasterRallentando – gradually getting slowerSlide8
Other Italian terms
Staccato
, indicated by dots above or below the notes, means short and bouncy.
Legato
, indicated by a curved line above or below the notes, means smooth.
A
repeat
sign instructs the player to repeat from the beginning or the last repeat sign.
A
pause
instructs the player to hold the note for longer than its value.
An
accent
instructs the player to play the note with more force.
Slide9
Major and Minor
Major and minor describe the
tonality
of the music.
Major keys sound happier and brighter.
Minor keys sound darker or sad.
Major and minor can also describe chords (as in your compositions).
Major and minor are also scales: try playing them on the keyboard and listen to the difference in sound.Slide10
Consonance and Dissonance
Consonance is the term to describe notes which go well together. Major and minor chords are both consonant.
Dissonance is the term to describe notes which clash. Adjacent notes played together are dissonant.Slide11
Ascending and Descending
Ascending is when the notes get higher.
Descending is when the notes get lower.Slide12
Moving by Step and Moving by Leap
When the melody moves to adjacent notes (
eg
C – D – E), we say it moves by step.
When the melody moves to notes further away, we say it moves by leap.Slide13
Repetition, Imitation and Sequence
Repetition is where a bit of the music is played again. It could be a short pattern or an entire section.
Imitation is where one instrument/voice copies another immediately and exactly.
Sequence is a pattern of notes repeated higher or lower.Slide14
In this piece…
Write down what concepts you can hear.
Instruments/ensembles
Melody (step, leap, ascending, descending, repetition, imitation, sequence)
Tonality (major and minor)
Tempo and time signature
Dynamics
Other features (legato, staccato, consonance, dissonance, accents etc)Slide15
Chords
We have already looked at the most common kind of chords (triads) in our composition.
A chord is quite simply two or more notes played together.
A broken chord is the notes of a chord played one after another.
An arpeggio is a type of broken chord where the notes are played ascending or descending.Slide16
Scales
A scale is a pattern of notes which can be played ascending or descending.
The notes of a scale are used to write melodies of songs / pieces.
All the scales you need to know are on p16 of your National 5 concept booklet – play each of them and listen to what they sound like.Slide17
Cadences
A cadence is the final two chords in a phrase of music.
The two you need to know are:
Perfect: sounds complete. V-I.
Imperfect: sounds incomplete. I-V.