How did aggressive world powers emerge and what did it take to defeat them during World War II AIM What events unfolded between Chamberlains declaration of peace for our time and the outbreak of a world war ID: 466329
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Unit Essential Question: How did aggressive world powers emerge, and what did it take to defeat them during World War II? AIM: What events unfolded between Chamberlain’s declaration of “peace for our time” and the outbreak of a world war?
Do Now:
Rhineland Occupation Poker Game
-Get your bluff ready-Slide2
France You lost nearly two million men in the Great WarYour economy is in bad shape.There are political riots on your streets daily.You are not sure if the British will support you.
The Rhineland is indisputably part of Germany.
The German army appears very strong.
Britain
You lost nearly a million men in the Great War
Your economy is in bad shape.
You have just signed a naval treaty with Germany.
You can’t see how a militarised Rhineland is any threat to Britain.
You don’t trust the French to fight.Slide3
Neville ChamberlainSeptember 1938“For the second time in our history, a British Prime Minister has returned from Germany bringing peace with honor. I believe it is peace for our time…Go home and get a nice quiet sleep.”Slide4
Aggression Goes Unchecked1930s Pattern: Dictators took aggressive action but met only verbal protests and pleas for peace from the democracies.Japan Overruns Manchuria and Eastern ChinaItaly Invades EthiopiaHitler Goes Against the Treaty of Versailles
A
ppeasement
Pacifism
-giving in to the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace.
-opposition to all war
Rome – Berlin – Tokyo
Axis PowersSlide5
Spain Collapses into Civil War1936 Francisco Franco begins Civil WarNationalists vs. Loyalists (Communists, Socialists, and those for democracy)Both sides committed horrible atrocitiesEx: German Air Raid on Guernica
Franco sets up fascist dictatorshipSlide6
German Aggression ContinuesHitler continues goal of bringing all German-speaking people into Third ReichAustria Annexed 1938Anschluss: union of Germany & AustriaThe Czech Crisis
Sudetenland: region of Western Czechoslovakia
Munich Pact 1938
Winston Churchill “They had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor; they will have war.”Slide7
Europe Plunges Toward WarNazi-Soviet Pact: nonaggression pact with his great enemy – Joseph StalinPublic: bound to peaceful relationsPrivate: not to fight if the other went to war and to divide up Poland and rest of Eastern Europe
NOT BASED ON FRIENDSHIP OR RESPECT BUT ON MUTUAL NEED
S
EPTEMBER 1
ST
1939
INVASION OF POLANDSlide8
Let’s Summarize….How did the start of WWII compare to the start of WWI?What’s the same? What’s different this time? What is at stake?Slide9
AIM: Which regions were attacked and occupied by the Axis powers, and what was life like under their occupation?Do Now:Answer yesterday’s AIM: What events unfolded between Chamberlain’s declaration of “peace for our time” and the outbreak of a world war? Slide10
The Axis AttacksSept 1
st
1939, Nazi forces storm into PolandBlitzkrieg “lightning war”
Britain & France have to declare war on Germany
Miracle of Dunkirk-
raises British morale
France Falls –
surrenders June 22, 1940
Moving on to Britain -
Operation Sea Lion, Germany Launches the Blitz
Hitler Fails to Take Britain
Africa and the Balkans – Italy and Germany take North Africa, Greece, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, HungarySlide11
Germany Invades the Soviet UnionJune 1941 – Hitler nullified the Nazi-Soviet pact
Operation Barbarossa – 3 million Germans invade Soviet Union
Siege of Leningrad – two and a half year attempt, city never falls to the Germans,
Hitler failed to conquer Russia
Stalin urges Churchill to help, two powers agree to work together Slide12
Life Under Nazi and Japanese Occupation
The
Holocaust
This
was the event during World War II in which Hitler and the Nazis tried to kill all Jews in Europe. 6 million Jews and 6 million non-Jews were killed during this event.
The
Holocaust is an example of genocide- the attempt to exterminate (kill off) an entire group of people. All genocides are considered human rights violations.
Japan’s Brutal Conquest
Mission “help Asians escape Western colonial rule”
Real Goal – create Japanese empire in Asia
Tortured and killed Chinese, Filipinos, Malaysians, etc.Slide13
Japan Attacks the United States
United States declared its neutrality in 1939
By March 1941, American involvement grows through Lend-Lease Program
December 7
th
1941
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Declare war on Japan
December 11
th
– Germany and Italy declare was on USSlide14
Let’s Summarize…“In Class they came first for the students with 58s, and I didn't speak up because I didn’t have a 58.Then they came for the 65s,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a
65. Then they came for
the
75s,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a
75.
Then
they came for the
85s, and I didn't speak up because I was a 95.
Then they came for me, and by that time no one was left tospeak up.” --Teacher Krista Rappoccio, 2015Slide15
AIM: How did the Allies begin to push back the Axis powers?Do Now: How do you feel walking into class today?Slide16
George S. PattonAfter WWI he was promoted through the ranks over the next several decades, he reached the high point of his career during World War II, when he led the U.S. 7th Army in its invasion of Sicily and swept across northern France at the head of the 3rd Army in the summer of 1944.Slide17
The Big Three1943 – Tehran, IranSlide18
Desert Fox and the IkeGeneral Erwin Rommel
German Field Marshal
General Dwight Eisenhower
American GeneralSlide19Slide20Slide21Slide22
June 6, 1944Invasion of Normandy, 1944The Allies invaded France on June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day. Allied troops were ferried across the English Channel, landing on the
beaches of Normandy. They broke through German
defenses to advance toward Paris and freed France from German control. The
Allies then moved from France into Germany.Slide23Slide24
Battle of the BulgeDecember 1944Slide25
Yalta ConferenceFebruary 1945 – Big Three make agreement that
the Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan within three months of Germany’s surrender.
Soviets would take possession of new lands
Germany gets divided into four zones
Free elections in Eastern EuropeSlide26
AIM: How did the Allies finally defeat the Axis powers?Do Now: Three Wartime Ethical DecisionsWhat would you do?Slide27
Do NowYou are the president of the United States—Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. Your country is at total war. Five years ago you signed an international treaty outlawing the use of poisonous gas on the battlefield. Your opponent has also signed this treaty. Now you are losing the war and facing a shortage of conventional weapons and soldiers. Intelligence reports indicate the enemy will be mounting a major offensive against your army in seven days. This greater force will have the advantage in men, vehicles, artillery, and ammunition. Your Army Chief of Staff informs you that your army could equalize conditions on the battlefield by firing artillery shells loaded with surplus poison gas at the advancing enemy army.
What would you do?
You are Chief of Intelligence for OSS (the forerunner of the CIA). Your agents in the field have captured an enemy agent working deep inside your office as a double agent. You suspect that he has vital information about the enemy’s production of a nuclear bomb. The information he could provide about where the bomb is being built may allow you to destroy the factory, saving tens of thousands of lives. He refuses to answer any of your questions.
What would you do?
You work for the British Intelligence—MI-6. Your office has secretly cracked the German Enigma code—a program you call Ultra—which allows you to listen in on much of the secret German communication. On November 12, 1940, you intercept German messages describing Operation Moonlight Sonata—an air raid in great strength for the night of November 14/15, 1940, against the cathedral and industrial city of Coventry. You have only days to act on the information. But anything you do will alert the Germans that you had foreknowledge of the raid—probably from breaking their Enigma code. Germany will then change the code system that will eliminate any future information being retrieved.
What would you do?Slide28
Nazi’s DefeatedV-E Day: Victory in Europe May 8th 1945Why did Germany ultimately lose?
1. Geography: Because of location, Germans had to fight on several fronts simultaneously
2. Hitler made some poor military decisions3.
E
normous productive capacity of the United StatesSlide29
Struggle for the PacificBy May 1942, the Japanese had gained control of most of Southeast Asia & many Pacific IslandsBataan Death March –PhilippinesUnited States finally takes the offensive by late 1942“island-hopping”: goal of campaign was to recapture some Japanese-held islands while bypassing others
General Douglas MacArthur and Admiral Chester NimitzSlide30Slide31
Invasion or the Bomb?Turn to a partner and create a list of positives for both – minimum three bullet points for each.
Atomic Bomb Facts:
-a medium sized high explosive WW2 Bomb weighed 500 kilos -1945: the A bomb dropped on Hiroshima contained the atomic equivalent of 13,000 tons of high explosive
-1950: an early “
themo
-nuclear” Hydrogen bomb of the early 1950s would have been approximately 1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima bombSlide32
WWIIBOMBDAMAGESlide33
Defeat for Japan1944 – Kamikaze pilots (who undertake suicide missions)Manhattan Project – code name for researching/testing atomic bombHiroshima – August 6, 1945August 8th, 1945 – Soviet Union declares war on Japan & invades Manchuria
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
August 10, 1945: Emperor Hirohito forces government to surrenderSeptember 2, 1945 – official peace treaty signed
Nagasaki - AftermathSlide34
The use of the atomic bomb was necessary to end World War II.
T
he use of nuclear weapons is ethically/morally acceptable.Slide35
Immediate Effects of the
Dropping of the Atomic BombSlide36
ExitHow do the Allies avoid the mistakes of 1919 and build the foundations for a stable world peace?Slide37
AIM: What issues arose in the aftermath of World War II and how did new tensions develop?Do Now: How do the Allies avoid the mistakes of 1919 and build the foundations for a stable world peace? Slide38
The War’s AftermathHorrors of the Holocaust
War Crimes Trials
Nuremberg: 200 Germans and Austrians were tried, and most were found guilty.Handful of top Nazis received death penaltySlide39
Establishing the United Nations
April 1945 – United Nations
Organization to take on world’s problemsMore than just peacekeeping
Greater role in world affair than its predecessor, the League of Nations
50 nations convened and joined General AssemblySlide40
The Alliance Breaks ApartEnd of WWII, US and USSR emerge as the two world leadersDifferences Grow Between AlliesCooperation was only to defeat NazisReparations in Germany & nature of governments in Eastern Europe cause divisions to deeper
The Cold War BeginsSlide41
New Conflicts DevelopTruman Doctrine: March 12, 1947 rooted in the idea of containment, limit communism as much as possible
The Marshall Plan: US offers massive aid package
Declined by StalinGermany stays divided (look to picture on left)
Berlin Airlift:Slide42
New Conflicts DevelopNATO: North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationMembers pledge to help one another if any one of them were attackedWarsaw Pact: invoked by Stalin to keep satellites in orderSlide43
Human Rightshttp://www.youthforhumanrights.org/what-are-human-rights.html