Century Responses to Liberalism Utopian Socialism Socialism and Karl Marx Marxism Socialist Ideologies An ideology based on collectivist values Specifics Resources should be controlled by the public for the benefit of everyone in society and not by private interests and not for the benefit ID: 406418
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Slide1
19th Century Responses to Liberalism
Utopian Socialism, Socialism and Karl Marx (Marxism)Slide2
Socialist Ideologies
An ideology based on collectivist values
Specifics
Resources should be controlled by the public for the benefit of everyone in society and not by private interests and not for the benefit of the individualEconomic equalitySecurityCooperationControl and direction in the economyDeveloped out of a want ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Slide3
Socialist Ideologies
Utopian Socialism:
__________________,
Charles Fourier, Claude St Simon, Horace GreeleyMarxism: ______________________________Slide4
Socialist Views Towards Industrial Revolution
Did not need violence to achieve social justice.
Elimination of private property, competition, capitalism, and machinery.
Only _________________________________.Collective ownership.___________________________________.Slide5
The Birth of Socialism
By 1851, 50% of people in England were living in cities leading to bad living conditions such as:
open
___________________.sewage in drinking water (cholera outbreaks)unsanitary streetsover crowdinghouses were built near factories- led to slumsfamily members were living in one room apartments._______________________millions of poor working class people working long hours.Slide6
Robert Owen – The Utopian Socialist
Individuals such as Robert Owen in Great Britain, Charles Fourier and Claude Saint-Simon in France, and Horace Greeley in the United States believed that
education and improved working conditions
could peacefully eradicate the worst aspects of capitalism, and lead to an ideal socialist society
where all could live happily.
Robert Owen was part of a group that became known as the Utopian Socialists. They were essentially humanitarians who advocated an end to the appalling conditions of the average worker in the industrial capitalist states of the time (idealist rather than pragmatic)
Utopian socialists
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Robert
Owen’s
city of New Lanark.
Schools and comfortable housing were provided for workers.Slide7
Beliefs of Socialists
Unlike Utopians,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Beliefs ranged from moderate and democratic social reform to radical revolutionary Marxism.However, socialists agreed on the following principles: Private ownership of the means of production permits exploitation
The state should direct the economy to achieve economic
equality for all citizens
Society should be classless Slide8
Marxism – Based on the work of MARX
Radical form of socialism.
Also termed
__________________________________. Many of Marx’s ideas were socialist and collectivist in nature, but many of ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Marx believed that society would undergo a major revolution in order for the proletariat to rule. See Figure 4-6, page 136Slide9
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Father of Communism
Saw Industrial Revolution and
its emphasis on capitalism as evil.
There are two classes of society:
_____________________
(owners of the means of production or capital)
and
2)
_______________
(those who sold their labor for wages or working class poor).
Bourgeoisie
______________________.
Capitalists become rich at the expense of the poor
.Slide10
Written in 1848, became one of the most influential political pieces of writing of all time.
Is the foundation of Communist ideology.
Calls for the
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________i.e., (Proletariat uprising against Bourgeoisie). Seeks to make society classless, stateless and with social organization.Slide11
Continued….
The abolition of private property and the centralization of the means of production (such as factories and machinery) in
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Also known as ________________________________________ (government planners make decisions and means of production are owned by the state.)Slide12
Socialism and Marxism ,while sharing common views, differed greatly in the ways that their goal of transforming liberal capitalist society should be
achieved…___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As a result, Marxist thought was not as widely accepted in classical liberal
societySocialism, which favoured reform, was more popularBy the 1930s, Marxism gained some popularity in places such as France and USSR (obviously!).