Final Exam Review 65 Questions - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Final Exam Review

65 QuestionsSlide2

Sources Used

Many from textbook

If you don’t understand a picture/political cartoon when you’re reviewing-ask!Slide3

Example- 3 sources

Photo

Photo

Text

Main

Idea/Central Question

ANALYZE

the sources

What are they most

DIRECTLY

addressing.

All answers are true/could be interpreted as correct.Slide4

BEST interpretation of the sourceSlide5

The USA is well on its way to winning the war on terror

The road to winning the war on terror is long and possible endless

The USA originally believed the war on terror would be easy

Terrorist organizations are anxious to resist military attacks by the USA.Slide6

Vocab

Viable:

capable

of working/feasible/could happen.

Portray:

depict/represent/describe

Aggressor:

person or country that attacks first

Atrocities:

extremely

wicked or cruel act/usually violent

Pluralism:

two

or more groups/states/principles exists at once/acceptance of difference/difference co-existingSlide7

Vocab

Take precedence over:

one thing more important than the other

.

Moderate:

average in amount, quantity or degree/especially in political views (moderate nationalist VS ultranationalist)

Inference:

conclusion based on evidence or reasoningSlide8

Source interpretation

Understandings of Nation/Contending LoyaltiesSlide9

Definitions, page 21Review

Nation as a Concept

Nation-state: means “country”

International: means between countries or nation-states

Nationalism: means striving for a country/can also be a feeling/patriotism/feelings of loyalty- expressing and affirming loyaltySlide10

Pages 25-29

Linguistic Understanding of

Nation:

a common language can sometimes create a feeling of belonging so powerful that it inspires a sense of nation (Quebec-

Francophones

across Canada)

Cultural Understanding

of

Nation:

based on a shared way of life (often tied to ethnicity, but not always)- (

Haida

Nation)

Geographic

Understanding of

Nation:

effects of geography on nations (Isolation- Japan/Rugged, nature lovers- Canada) Responsible for unique identities/cultures of Indigenous peoples

. Inuit/Hawaiians Slide11

Pages 25-29

Religious

or Spiritual Understanding of

Nation

: Jewish Nation/relationship to the land.

Political

Understanding of

Nation:

desire for self-determination/control over political affairs/sovereignty

Slide12

Desire for self-determination:

power to control one’s own affairs.

Sovereignty:

the

political authority

to control one’s own affairs.

Independent

Aboriginals in Canada- want self-determination, but not complete sovereignty/separation from Canada.

Quebec SovereigntySlide13

Self-determination VS Sovereignty

Ability to affect the course of your life

Absolute powerSlide14

Contending Loyalties, Page 69

Loyalties that compete

- choosing between them can be difficult

.

Consider First Nations/Canadian- “citizenship and belonging”- contenting loyalties

Canadian government not upholding treaty rights. We are all treaty people.

Jewish and Palestinian Nations- Both in Israel (different religions)- so even thought they live in the same “nation-state” they have contending loyalties.Slide15

Contending Loyalties, Page 69

Nationalist Loyalty

- commitment to one’s nation.

Non-nationalist Loyalty

- commitment to other aspects of identity.Slide16

Non-nationalist Loyalty

A loyalty that is

not embedded in the idea of nation

. People may be loyal to and identify with friends, a region, an idea, a collective or a group, a way of life, and a culture.Slide17

Source Interpretation

Civic VS Ethnic Nation

Civic Nationalism:

A nation that comes into being because people- “citizens”- agree to live together according to shared principles- shared values and beliefs. People agree to shared laws/mutual respect for laws enables people to live together peacefully.

Canada is an example of a civic nation.

Ethnic Nationalism:

When a nation comes into being because people share the same ethnic- racial, cultural, or linguistic characteristics.

Korean, Japanese, Somali, and Norwegian nations are largely based on ethnicity.Slide18

So what makes a “nation”? Remember- nation is different than a

nation-state

Collective consciousness (internal consciousness or awareness shared by many people/shared memory/pride in specific events/myths and symbols of belonging)

Sense of belonging

Desire for self-determination

Does not have to be defined by a geographic area or region

- think of “Jewish Nation” scattered around the world.Slide19

Currently…

Quebecois & Cree (for example) would be considered “nations” within Canada- but not nation-states.

Multiple perspectives- some don’t agree.Slide20

Collective Consciousness, page 45

Often based/formed upon

myths

Central or defining moment in their history

The Bastille as a National Symbol/French Revolution

Canada: National Railway/

Vimy

Ridge/Hockey 59-62 & 38-39Slide21

Nationalism- Definition

Does not just apply to a country or state.

Can apply to a group.

Quebec NationalismSlide22

Source

Collective

consciousness very strongly connected to:

Myths/stories/narrativesSlide23

Source

Nationalist & Non-nationalist loyalties- should one be more important than the other?

How to decide?

“Draft Dodger

”- remember the definition of “conscription”Slide24

Conscription

Compulsory

military service. In Canada during World Wars 1 and II, the policy was controversial, especially among

Francophones

in Quebec?

Why? Loyalty- would not have had the same loyalty to British Empire.Slide25

Source

Types of nationalism (civic & ethnic)

Threats to national

unity?-

think multiculturalism/diversity

Because Canada is a civic nation- would ethnic nationalism threaten Canadian nationalism?Slide26

What argument would a

critic of multiculturalism

make about Canadian Unity?

Positive?

Negative?Slide27

French Revolution/French Nationalism

Review main facts- page 44-57 Read over these pages!

Causes

: class conflict, economic troubles (wars/high taxes/drought), poor choices of monarchy

Shaping French Nationalism

/important myth/Storming of the Bastille- becomes national symbol of revolution and French Nationalism

Ancient Regime/Old Regime

First/Second/Third Estates

: Clergy/Aristocrats or Nobility/Common PeopleSlide28

French Revolution/French Nationalism

Bourgeoisie:

middle class/rise of the middle class (business owners)-common people

Historically, Clergy and Nobility have privilege

… Common people/bourgeoisie- little influence/political power

Impact of Napoleon’s European conquests on nationalism of other nations-

reread 54 & 55

- resisting French rule

Declaration of rights of Man and the Citizen

(page 52)- Political factor shaping French Nationalism- move to

civic

nationalism/

civic

identity/away from absolute monarchySlide29

Factors Shaping Nationalism

Historical:

Storming of Bastille/considered start of revolution (July 14, 1789)

Social:

who is important and who is not/who should lead and who should follow/who should be included and who should be excluded/how groups should work out conflicts and respond to challenges

Economic:

Estates General/war/high taxes- aristocrats/nobility taxed.

Geographic:

hard winter/drought/famine

Political:

Related to social-

Civic

- Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.Slide30

Federalist

People who

support a federal system of government

. In Canada,

this includes people who oppose Quebec sovereignty and believe that Quebec should remain a Canadian province, ensuring its place in ConfederationSlide31

Federalist

Strong central government

Share

resources/transfer payments

Asymmetrical Federalism:

the concept that all Canadian provinces and territories may not share power with the federal government in the same way.

Differing linguistic and cultural needs of provinces, territories, and regions would be accommodated by allowing them to exercise differing degrees of control in critical areas such as immigration

.Slide32

Vision of Canada at Confederation

1867

3 founding

peoples- Anglophone, Francophone, Aboriginal

Co-

inhabitants- lived together

All equal

?

Legacies of Historical Globalization

- imperialism, assimilation, Indian Act, racism, loss of culture, language, land, privilege- reduced participation in education? Government/law? Property ownership? Business? Self-determination? Self-esteem? Slide33

Source

Minimal-small

Primary- main

Moderate- middle

Spectrum of extent to which nation/nationalism should form identity.

Degrees of nationalism/to what extent?Slide34

Nationalism

Patriotic principles, feelings or effort

Advocacy for political independence for a particular country

Feelings of loyalty/belongingSlide35

Utranationalism

An

extreme

form of nationalism. Ultranationalists are often fanatically loyal to their own nation and hostile and racist toward other nations.

Marked by feelings of superiority.

Propaganda

- information and ideas spread to achieve a specific goal. Extreme nationalists use misleading and dishonest information to create fear and insecurity and to persuade people to behave in certain ways.

Rhetoric-

the art of shaping language to influence the thoughts and actions of an audience.

Scapegoating

- blaming others groups for problems/dehumanizingSlide36

Genocide

The

killing

of members of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; and deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its

physical destruction

.Slide37

Who will be more

extreme

in their pursuit of national interest?

Imprisonment

Censorship

Torture/threats

ScapegoatingSlide38
Slide39

Stalin/Crimes Against Humanity

State caused famine in Ukraine- 1932-1933,

Holodomor

Response to Ukrainian Nationalism- wanted independence/prior to/for first time had recently owned their own land

When Stalin took control of Soviet Union (late 20s) decreed that farmland now belonged to the state/

collective farmsSlide40

Source

Central idea

- reading comp- Oil Sands/Oil Development

Competing Nationalist and non-Nationalism

loyalties

Question of?

Economic

VS

Environmental

Economic

VS

Social (Cultural)Slide41

Domestic Policy VS Foreign Policy

Remember- According to your text, with increased globalization it has become increasingly difficult to differentiate between the two.

Domestic Policy:

A plan of action that guides a government’s decisions within a country

. In Canada, domestic policy decisions may include changing federal laws, settling Aboriginal land claims, and spending tax revenues.

Foreign Policy:

A plan of action that guides a government’s decisions about its official relations with other countries

. Also called foreign affairs or external relations.Slide42

National Interest

The

interests of the people of a nation

. National interest may include economic prosperity, security and safety, and beliefs and values.Slide43

Economic Nationalism

Protectionism- “America First”

Canadian Dairy Industry

Trump/Softwood Lumber dispute

Economic Nationalists:

people who believe that a country’s businesses and industries should be protected against foreign interests.Slide44

Canada’s National Interest’s

WWI

Anglophones- uphold

allegiance to Britain

Francophones

- language/culture/values

Aboriginal- loyal to Canada/Britain

Divided in support for

conscription-particularly

Francophones

National Myths- Become a country/nation-

Vimy

Ridge/First time fighting under Canadian Flag.Slide45

Versailles Peace Conference in 1919/Paris Peace Conference

Outcomes- what did they

(Allies/Germany

/France) want/what was their intent

?

Reparations- compensation imposed

$$$$

Loss of Land/Territory/Colonies

Loss of Military might

Weaken

Who was

at the conference/who was not? How did their decisions affect other nations?Slide46

After WWI

Belief

in/

increased

self-determination

- ethnic groups (European)

Overlooking rights to self-determination can have long term consequences

Resentments? Off-hand treatment of non-European world still affecting the world

today?

Tensions Middle East/ISIS/Turkey/Iran/Iraq/

Qatar

/

Syria

Death/destruction/economy/human rights violationsSlide47

What causes increase in # of nation-states?

Self-determination

Decolonization (1945-1970)

This happened (creation of new nation-states due to decolonization/self-determination) after WWII.

Remember places we talked about

… (European Colonies)- India/Pakastan/Vietnam/Ethiopia/Rwanda... Asia/AfricaSlide48

Source Interpretation

League of

Nations:

Created after WWI (precursor to United Nations)- American President, Woodrow Wilson

Critics had multiple perspectives

- Ineffective/too much power

This international organization would ensure “political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.”

Ensure countries co-operated in the interest of collective security. Not maintaining a balance of power between equally armed enemies.

Mistakes/Failures

of League of

Nations- Well, WWII happened!

Source II Headstone reads:

“Fell asleep in Abyssinia after prolonged non-implementation of policy on sanctions

” EthiopiaSlide49

Wilson’s 14 Points

In the end

… Wilson’s own country/public opinion turned against him. USA refused to join League of Nations/Sign Treaty of Versaille

Failed to consider longstanding nationalistic fears and hatred.

14 Points:

Negotiate treaties openly/navigate seas freely/open trade/colonized people consulted about colonial claims (boarders being decided)/Germany would not pay reparations.Slide50

Unilateralism:

country responds to events on its own, without agreements with, or support from other countries (USA- climate change)

Bilateralism

: agreements between 2 countries working to resolve issues of concern between the 2 countries (Canada & USA- aviation safety/after 911)

Multilateralism:

involves several countries working together to meet challenges and solve problems (United Nations/NAFTA)

Supranationalism

:

a policy by which countries agree to abide by the decisions of an international organization made up of independent appointed officials or representatives elected by member states (United Nations/European Union)Slide51

What’s the goal of many bilateral/multilateral/supranational agreements?

NAFTA

G8/G20

WTO

GATT

EU

Economic/trade agreements/

Values of Free Market

Humanitarian (0.7%)/Environmental (KYOTO/Paris)/Collective Security (NATO)Slide52

Criticisms

Too long to respond in a crisis/financial or humanitarian

Western/Developed nations have too much power

No real change can happen because change would benefit those without the power- and power’s not going to give up power.

Self-determination/right to choose own government/promotion of democracy, capitalism and free market values.Slide53

Some see

internationalism as a challenge to sovereignty

.

Donald Trump

To what extent?Slide54

Source

Self-

determination

- can it just be ignored?

What has happened in the past if the desire for self-determination is ignored.

Now recognized by United Nations

as a right.Slide55

Failure of Internationalism- how does it happen?

Great Depression

Interwar years

- failed to act against

aggression-Italy/Germany-

appeasement/

failed

(more concerned about their own nations/nationalism?)

Failure of collective security

.

Causes of

WWII? Economic in nature?

Economic security/GDP

Aggressor

nations/economic nationalism/empire building- What was happening in Germany?

No jobs/inflation/recession

.

Paris Climate Change AccordSlide56

Economic Sanctions

The action of

cutting off trade

with a country in an effort to force it to follow a particular course of action.

Japan-WWII

Cuba-Communism/Cold War to present

Russia- Recently

Iran- Nuclear Weapons ProgramSlide57

Source- Spectrum

Humanitarianism VS National Interest (Progressive VS Traditional/Liberal VS Conservative)

Extreme Internationalist VS Ultranationalist

What

would NGOs pursue

?

Non-government OrganizationsSlide58

What is Canada? Multiple Perspectives

Cultural Mosaic/Cultural Pluralism

: A belief or doctrine that holds that collectives should be encouraged to affirm and promote their unique cultural identity in a diverse society.

Many nations within a nation-state

What is the role

of government in regards to

identity? Unify or promote diversity? Can there be unity in diversity?