The 8 Millennium Development Goals: - PowerPoint Presentation

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The 8 Millennium Development Goals:Angola vs. Fiji

By Jordan Davidson and

Robbi

Wagstaff

The Developing World

Bro. MeekerSlide2

1.1 Eradicate Poverty/Hunger(Angola)

Angola currently has one of the highest rates of poverty in the world.

94% of families in rural areas are considered to be living in poverty.

The majority of households in Angola lack access to electricity, safe drinking water, or adequate sanitation.Poverty is an ongoing issue because of lasting effects from the Angolan civil war which ended in 2002.The civil war destroyed important infrastructures, broke down health and education systems, destroyed crops and livestock, and left a large population of orphaned and/or displaced children.More than 2/3 of the population lives on less than $2 USD per day.Slide3

1.2 Eradicate Poverty/Hunger(Fiji)

About 45% of Fiji is struggling with poverty and hunger.

Approximately 360,000 people live in poverty.According to studies, Fiji is estimated to need an additional 30,000 houses over the next 15 years. The lack of a stable government to promote economic growth is one of the main causes of poverty in Fiji.Slide4

2.1 Universal Primary Education (Angola)

Angola’s civil war left many schools destroyed, leading to the construction of makeshift schools in refugee camps.

These schools are overcrowded and understaffed.

Groups such as RISE International have gotten involved with the Angolan school crisis by funding and building schools in rural areas, supplying thousands of textbooks, and facilitating educator workshops.68% of students drop out before finishing primary school.Slide5

2.2. Universal Primary Education (Fiji)

The Fiji educational system is taken care of by the government but most of the schools are managed

by either local communities or a

single racial community93.2% of the children entered the school system in 1992 but the rate for the eight years of primary education was 20.9% the same year Primary education is, in theory free of charge, but in reality education involves hidden costs. These include school uniforms, examination fees, building fees, bus fares, textbooks and stationery. Many children drop out of school. It must be the responsibility of the government and the parents to make everyone stay in school in spite of poverty, academic failure, or laziness.Slide6

3.1 Gender Equality and Female Empowerment (Angola)

Girls searching for equality face “an uphill battle” (Christian Aid Partners).

Girls drop out of school in higher numbers than boys. Only 53.8% of the female population is literate.

Women account for 23% of “active” income earners. The union density rating for women is 20%.Four out of five working women in Angola do so informally (jobs that are not included on the census or in any recordable sense). As such, it is important to keep in mind that statistics do not necessarily reveal the truth about the number of working women.In 2012, female members of the National Society of Angola pressed for support of the Harare Call to Action.

Involved with issues with domestic/sexual violenceArgued for the inclusion of women in important decision making (work, education, family planning, etc).Slide7

3.2 Gender Equality and Female Empowerment (Fiji)

Girls have less free time than girls. Girls have household chores which make males have more free time than girls.

Boys are forced into the workforce instead of getting an education. They need to get family income. That is why males tend to drop out less than females.

Salaries tend to be higher in menHousehold work is about 99% women.Slide8

4.1 Reduction of Child Mortality (Angola)

Before age 5, 260 deaths for every 1,000 births.

29.2% of children in Angola are malnourished.

The civil war in Angola restricted access to child vaccination programs.Polio outbreak in 1999 and 2005In 2010, the Ministry of Health partnered with UNICEF to launch the Municipal Health System, in pursuit of reducing child mortality rates.Focuses on malaria prevention, de-worming, immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases, etc.Slide9

4.2 Reduction of Childhood Mortality (Fiji)

Child mortality is due to

pre-

natal conditions, acute respiratory infection, diarrhea diseases, heart diseases, malnutrition, meningitis and asthma. The most common in Fiji is peri-natal deathsNot just health problems are factors of the death rates. Poverty, low education level, poor water supply and environmental conditions also contribute to deaths ages under 5Slide10

5.1 Improvement of Maternal Health (Angola)

In rural areas maternal death rates are high.

Breastfeeding mothers are a low 31% of the mothering population.

80% of maternal fatalities are caused by severe bleeding, infections, high blood pressure, obstructed labor, and unsafe abortions.HIV/AIDS also contributes to the high fatality rate.In recent years women’s access to pre and post natal care has gone up.Highly focused on malaria preventionAccess rates higher in cities than rural areasSlide11

5.2 Improvement of Maternal Health (Fiji)

Maternal maternal rate is reasonably well controlled in Fiji.

A major concern is those that have pregnancy related illnesses.

Maternal health is hard to measure because there is uncertainty which factors lead to a mother’s death. Fiji’s maternal mortality ratio is at 30-40% per 100,000 live births.Slide12

6.1 Combating HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases (Angola)

9.5% of children are orphaned by AIDS.

Malaria accounts for about 35% of child mortality.

Outbreaks of cholera due to tainted water.Many Angolans became ill with trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).Transmitted by tsetse fliesSymptoms include fever, itching, joint pains, confusion and poor coordinationFatal if left untreatedMany undiagnosed/unreported casesSlide13

6.2 Combating HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases (Fiji)

The adult HIV prevalence is .1

%.

People with all ages living with HIV in Fiji is <.5%.Malaria is one of the most common health threats.The most serious immediate health issue is the increase in non-communicable diseases like diabetes, heart disease, hypertension and cancer.Slide14

7.1 Ensuring Environmental Stability (Angola)

Mineral extraction provides the backbone of Angola’s economy (disastrous for the environment).

Many in Angola fish for a living, causing a depletion of many species of fish.

In recent years, Angola’s temperature has increased while its rainfall levels fall.During the Angolan civil war, poaching and land mines upset Angola’s biodiversity.Operation Noah’s Ark and the Angolan Environment Ministry are working to make Angola a safer place for animals to live.Charcoal trading and logging have caused deforestation. Less than 50% of Angola is considered to be forest.Slide15

7.2 Ensuring Environmental Stability (Fiji)

Natural disasters, and badly managed resources are highlighted as being urgent and important challenges Fiji.

Fiji gets hit with numerous cyclones.Slide16

8.1 Developing Global Partnerships for Development (Angola)

Since 2010, Angola’s partnership with UNICEF has led to widespread improvement in the country’s conditions.

Angola’s oil production has led to several economic partnerships.

Angola has partnered with the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute to implement projects directed at improving the juvenile justice system.Also devoted to promoting a lifestyle for children that is free of misbehavior, focusing on improving family relations, providing physical activities, and increasing children’s socializations with other children.Slide17

8.2 Developing Global Partnerships for Development (Fiji)

Fiji has made available to citizens the benefits of new technology like cell phones and

internet.

Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods, services, and income has been less than 2.5% between 2000 and 2009. This is because external debt has been less than 20% of total debt between 2000 and 20009.Slide18

9.1 Closing Comments (Angola)

Many of Angola’s problems stem from corruption and/or ineptitude in the government – large percentages of the Angolan GDP is earmarked for “special projects” that amount to nothing.

Angola’s current progress rating on the MDGs is 143

rd out of 158 countries.Angola’s economic breakdown shows that a privileged few reap in profits from the booming diamond and oil trade, while the rest of the population lives in poverty.The civil war, which only ended in 2002, is responsible for many of Angola’s educational, financial, and environmental woes.Fiji is doing far better than Angola in terms of the millennium development goals, but Angola had further to go from the beginning.

Though Angola is still rife with problems and issues, it has been making progress (albeit slow progress) in recent years.Slide19

9.2 Closing Comments (Fiji)

The millennium developmental goal of poverty is most likely not going to be met by 2015 because rural poverty has increased in the last few years.

Fiji is said to be on track to achieve the universal primary education goal. Fiji has high enrollment rates.

Although Fiji has achieved gender equality in education, it has not been achieved in the work force. Few women represent in the decision making level, and there is still lower pay checks for women.Fiji has shown no improvement in the mortality rate of children under five. Reducing child mortality will most likely not be met.Fiji has improved maternal health by a ratio of 60 in 1994 to 22.6 in 2010. That is a decline of almost 60%. If the rate keeps on going like this, then Fiji is going to achieve the goal of improving maternal health.

Malaria in Fiji is very uncommon health issue in Fiji. The most serious health issue is non-communicable diseases. So the goal of combating HIV/ AIDS is probably going to be achieved, but probably not other diseases just because the diseases like cardiovascular disease, and hypertension are preventable factors but nobody can force Fijians to have physical activity and eat healthy. Since there are several natural disasters that happen in Fiji, the ensuring environmental stability goal will most likely not happen. There are many cyclones that hit Fiji.

Fiji is said to meet the goal of developing partnership for development. One of the most common one is Fiji received technology like the internet and cell phones.