Paul Sutton PhD MD Associate Professor General Internal Medicine University of Washington The Art of Lecturingreally Where facts are few experts are many Donald Gannon An expert is a person who has made all the mistakes that can be made in a very narrow field ID: 139043
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Slide1
The Art of Lecturing
Paul Sutton, PhD, MDAssociate ProfessorGeneral Internal MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSlide2
The “Art of Lecturing”…really?Slide3
“Where facts are few, experts are many.” Donald Gannon
“An expert is a person who has made all the mistakes that can be made in a very narrow field.” Niels BohrSlide4
Overview
Public speaking tipsTips for effective PowerPoint presentationsPresentation of data“The 10 Minute Talk”Slide5
Public Speaking Tips
Tell ‘emTell them what you are going to tell themTell themTell them what you have told themSlide6
Overview
Public speaking tipsTips for effective PowerPoint presentationsPresentation of data“The 10 Minute Talk”Slide7
Public Speaking Tips
Know your subjectKnow your audienceWhat’s in it for me?StructureParticularly crucial for shorter talksYour styleFind your own voiceBut seek to entertain as well as educateSlide8
Your Style
“Good teaching is one fourth preparation and three fourths theater.” Gail GodwinUse eye contact, voice modulation, and animation (yours, not PowerPoint’s)Take chances (but be tasteful)Slide9
Public Speaking Tips
Limited recall“The magical number seven, plus or minus two”. Miller GA. Psychol Rev 1956. 63:81-97.Emphasize key pointsDon’t attempt the Vulcan mind meld“If you only remember one thing…”Slide10
Effective Habits
Outline the talk before opening any presentation softwareScientific PresentationBackgroundObjectiveMethodsDataDiscussionSlide11
Effective Habits: outlines
Topic-based LectureIntroEpidemiologyClinical FeaturesDiagnosticsTreatmentAreas of studyReviewCase-based LectureIntro
Case 1Teaching pointCase 2Teaching pointLather & repeatReviewSlide12
Effective Habits
Prepare in advance!“It usually takes more than three weeks to prepare a good impromptu speech.” Mark TwainPracticeParticularly the introductionPeer reviewIs the story coherent?Is the presentation of data clear?Eliminate ypographical errorsSlide13Slide14
PowerPoint Tips
Use PowerPoint95% market sharePresentation software options:PC/Mac/UNIX: OpenOffice by SunMac: KeynoteCan be difficult to sharePotential for formatting surprisesMost conferences require .pptSlide15
Savvy Slides(K.I.S.S.)
Dark background, light textConsider using bold for all
fontsShadowed text is more readableUse font size 24 or greater
Use easy to read
fonts
Arial
Times New Roman
Comic Sans MS
English 111
Vivace
BTSlide16
Savvy Slides (44 point)
Arial 36Arial 28Arial 20Comic Sans MS 36
Comic Sans MS 28Comic Sans MS 20Times New Roman 36
Times New Roman 28
Times New Roman 20Slide17
Backgrounds
Readable, classic
But, fatiguing over timeSlide18
Backgrounds
Annoying, pointless background
Poor contrast
High contrast is minimally better
Wow, what a great lectureSlide19
Slide Content
About one minute per slideThis ratio increases as the length of the talk increases5-8 lines of text per slideSimplify information (on the slide!)More Hemingway than Bulwer-LyttonMore haiku than DanteSlide20
Slide Content
For goodness sakes, don’t read your slides!Avoid STDsSpeaker/text dissonanceUse animations sparinglySlide21Slide22
“Death by PowerPoint”
http://norvig.com/Gettysburg/sld006.htm, accessed 4/14/09Slide23
http://canadiancpd.medscape.com/content/2002/00/43/71/437182/437182_fig.html
Accessed 7/2/2009Slide24
PowerPoint Tips
Don’t forget to stretch/change gearsAttention span may be 10-15 minutesPerhaps less in the age of TwitterVarious techniques to re-engage the audienceSlide25
Overview
Lecture tips and effective habitsTips for effective PowerPoint presentationsPresentation of data“The 10 Minute Talk”Slide26
So…Now I’m thinking about taking my cousin downtown when she visits next month…Slide27Slide28
Presentation of Data
PowerPoint conveys data at relatively low bandwidthSlide29
Flather
MD, et al. Lancet 2000. 355: 1575Slide30
Tables, Charts, and Graphs
Avoid tables & figures from journals – they do not project wellTables & figures should be clearly labeled, and make sense at a glanceOrient the audience & walk them through the dataSlide31
Tables, Charts & Graphs
You’ve failed if you have to begin with an apologyLimit data to what is necessary to convey your pointBut don’t deceiveHighlight key pointsSlide32
Trial
ACEI
Controls
RR (95% CI)
CONSENSUS I
SOLVD (Treatment)
SOLVD (Prevention)
Chronic CHF
Post MI
SAVE
TRACE
AIRE
39%
54%
0.56 (0.34–0.91)
40%
35%
0.82 (0.70–0.97)
15%
16%
0.92 (0.79–1.08)
25%
20%
0.81 (0.68–0.97)
17%
23%
0.73 (0.60–0.89)
SMILE
6.5%
8.3%
0.78 (0.52–1.12)
0.78 (0.67–0.91)
35%
42%
ACE Inhibitors and Mortality Reduction
Mortality
Garg R et al. JAMA. 1995;273:1450–1456.
Average
21%
27%
0.77
Make another point with
text box or highlightingSlide33
Placebo
(n = 398)
Carvedilol
(
n
= 696
)
US
Carvedilol
Heart Failure Program:
Effect on Hospitalizations
*P
<.05
Fowler MB et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1692–1699.
0
10
20
30
29%*
28%*
38%*
All
Hospitalizations
Cardiovascular
Hospitalization
Heart Failure
Hospitalizations
%
Duration of therapy:
6.5 months (median)Slide34
Age-Adjusted Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality
1975-2005 from the SEER database, accessed 4/12/08
FDA approves PSASlide35
“Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not one bit simpler.” EinsteinSlide36
The 10 Minute Talk
The research equivalent of the oral case presentationStructure is incredibly importantBackground/significanceObjectiveMethodsResultsDiscussion/futureSlide37
The 10 Minute Talk
Very little timeMake every word countSeek early feedbackMemorize the beginning (first impressions)Practice, practice, practiceSlide38
The Delivery
RedundancyComputer, webmail, USB flash drive, CDInclude all files necessary for any animation (e.g. video)Get there early, check out the room, controls, waterAsk a friend/colleague for feedbackLearn something from every talkSlide39
Overview (“Tell ‘em”)
Lecture tips and effective habitsTips for effective PowerPoint presentationsPresentation of data“The 10 Minute Talk”Slide40
Take Home Points
Be knowledgeable, enthusiastic, and animatedFocus on a few take home pointsLegible slides (and don’t read them!)Pay particular attention to the presentation of data10 minute talk is like an oral case presentation – structure countsSlide41
“Make sure you have finished speaking before your audience has finished listening.” Dorothy SarnoffSlide42
Suggested Reading
Federman D. How do you give a great lecture? Parts I and II. SGIM Forum, June and July 2009. Accessed at http://www.sgim.org/index.cfm?pageId=809Very practical, expert opinionTufte ER. The cognitive style of PowerPoint: pitching out corrupts within. 2nd edition. Graphics Press (Cheshire, CT). 2006.
An essay on the limitations and cognitive shackles of PowerPointAvailable at the bookstore for $7Keller J. Killing me microsoftly with PowerPoint. Chicago Tribune, January 5, 2003. Accessed at
http://www.gbuwizards.com/files/chicago-tribune-julia-keller-05-january-2003.htm
Martin Luther King and Robert Frost
à
la
PowerPoint
Collins J. Giving a PowerPoint presentation: the art of communicating effectively.
Radiographics
2004. 24:1185-92.