World War II (1931-1945) - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

World War II (1931-1945)

Lesson 4

A War on

Two FrontsSlide2

Learning Objectives

Analyze the reasons for and impact of the Allies’ “Europe First” strategy.

Explain why the battles of Stalingrad and Midway were major turning points in the war.

Discuss how the Allies put increasing pressure on the Axis in North Africa and Europe.

World War II (1931-1945)

Lesson 4

A War on Two FrontsSlide3

Key Terms

Dwight Eisenhower

George S. Patton, Jr.

Omar Bradley,

unconditional surrender

saturation bombing

strategic bombing

Tuskegee Airmen

Chester Nimitz

Battle of Midway

World War II (1931-1945)

Lesson 4

A War on Two FrontsSlide4

Allied Strategy

The attack on Pearl Harbor brought America into World War II on the Allied side. By June 1942, the Allies were battered but still fighting. British pilots had fought off a Nazi invasion of their island, while at the Battle of Coral Sea, the U.S. Navy had frustrated Japanese plans to extend their domination in the Pacific. Though years of fighting lay ahead, the Allies spied signs of hope.Slide5

Allied Strategy

German troops march through Berlin, Germany, to mark the surrender of France in 1940. Interpret What does this photo suggest about the power of the Axis armies during the early years of the war?Slide6

Allied Strategy

Analyze Charts How were the goals of the countries fighting in World War II similar and different?Slide7

The European Front

The first blow America struck against the Axis was by fulfilling Roosevelt's promise to be the 'arsenal of democracy.' American factories turned out millions of tons of guns, tanks, and other supplies—enough to keep the Soviets and British battling Germany for years. The problem was delivering the weapons, food, and medical supplies that fueled the Allied war machine.Slide8

The European Front

War in the AtlanticSoviets and Nazis Battle for Stalingrad

War in North Africa

Allies Take Over North AfricaSlide9

The European Front

American sailors watch as Allied bombers attack a German U-boat, 1944. A few minutes after this photo was taken, the U-boat was sunk.Slide10

The European Front

Analyze Maps Use the information on the map to summarize the course of World War II in Europe before the Battle of Stalingrad. Support your answer with evidence from the map.Slide11

Axis Powers on the Defensive

Germany was now on the defensive, and the Allies planned to keep it that way. In January 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill met in Casablanca, Morocco, to plan their next move. The conference resulted in two important decisions. First, the Allies decided to increase bombing of Germany and invade Italy. Second, Roosevelt announced that the Allies would accept only unconditional surrender, or giving up completely without any concessions. Hitler, Mussolini, and Tojo could not hope to stay in power through a peace agreement.Slide12

Axis Powers on the Defensive

Italy SurrendersAllied Bombers Attack GermanySlide13

Axis Powers on the Defensive

American soldiers wade ashore during the Allied invasion of Italy, 1943.Slide14

Axis Powers on the Defensive

The B-24 Liberator , shown here in a cross-section, was the king of American bombers during the war, faster than previous planes and able to fly on longer missions while carrying more bombs.Slide15

Turning Points in the Pacific

While the Allies pursued their 'Europe First' strategy, they did not ignore the Pacific. Through May 1942, Japanese forces continued to advance with seemingly unstoppable momentum. They had attacked American, British, and Dutch colonies, winning control of the Philippines, Malaya, Dutch East Indies, Hong Kong, Wake Island, Guam, and Burma. Then, the United States struck back. The American success at the Battle of Coral Sea in May 1942 served as a warning that the war in the Pacific was about to change.Slide16

Turning Points in the Pacific

Americans Triumph at MidwayAmericans Take the OffensiveSlide17

Turning Points in the Pacific

Analyze Maps Why was the location of Midway Island so significant? Make Predictions What impact would a Japanese victory at Midway have on the war in the Pacific?Slide18

Turning Points in the Pacific

The American aircraft carrier USS Enterprise, at left, under Japanese attack during the Battle of Midway. Explosions from bombs and gunfire are visible as dark smoke in the sky.Slide19

Quiz: Allied Strategy

The relationship between the Allies was complicated byA. American neutrality in the first years of the war in Europe.

B. Soviet mistrust of Western intentions.

C. American concerns over Japanese aggression in the Pacific.

D. British concerns over its border security in the Atlantic.Slide20

Quiz: The European Front

Why did the Allies decide to wage a campaign in North Africa rather than the European mainland?A. It would require fewer resources and pave the way for an Allied invasion of Italy.

B. It would allow the Allies to gain control of the precious oil fields in the Middle East.

C. It would force the Axis to retreat from Stalingrad and give the Soviets a chance to regroup.

D. It would prevent the Axis from receiving reinforcements from Japan’s Indian Ocean fleet.Slide21

Quiz: Axis Powers on the Defensive

U.S. and British forces struck a major blow against the Nazis’ capacity to make war byA. helping drive them out of the Soviet Union.

B. forcing Italy to surrender and change sides.

C. cutting off its access to the rich Caucasus oil fields.

D. strategically bombing Germany’s major industrial centers.Slide22

Quiz: Turning Points in the Pacific

4. The Battle of Midway is considered one of the major turning points of the war becauseA. it effectively destroyed Japan’s ability to launch airstrikes.

B. it eliminated Japan’s main refueling station for its air force.

C. it bought U.S. forces more time to focus on the war in Europe.

D. it halted the Japanese advance and put them on the defensive.