Index nursing college indore introduction Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes a rash with itchy scaly patches most commonly on the knees elbows trunk and scalp Psoriasis is a common longterm chronic disease with no cure It can be painful interfere with sleep and make it hard to c ID: 1047997
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1. psoriasisNeha sangleNursing tutor Index nursing college indore
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3. introductionPsoriasis is a skin disease that causes a rash with itchy, scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp. Psoriasis is a common, long-term (chronic) disease with no cure. It can be painful, interfere with sleep and make it hard to concentrate.
4. definitionPsoriasis is thought to be an immune system problem. Triggers include infections, stress and cold.The most common symptom is a rash on the skin, but sometimes the rash involves the nails or joints..
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6. Types of psoriasis
7. Types of psoriasisPustular psoriasis which causes red and scaly skin with tiny pustules on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.Guttate psoriasis which often starts in childhood or young adulthood, causes small, red spots, mainly on the torso and limbs. Triggers may be respiratory infections, strep throat tonsillitis stress, injury to the skin, and taking antimalarial and beta-blocker medications.Inverse psoriasis which makes bright red, shiny lesions that appear in skin folds, such as the armpits, groin, and under the breasts.Erythrodermic psoriasis which causes fiery redness of the skin and shedding of scales in sheets. It's triggered by severe sunburn, infections, certain medications, and stopping some kinds of psoriasis treatment. It needs to be treated immediately because it can lead to severe illness.
8. Causes Psoriasis is thought to be an immune system problem that causes skin cells to grow faster than usual. In the most common type of psoriasis, known as plaque psoriasis, this rapid turnover of cells results in dry, scaly patches.The cause of psoriasis isn't fully understood. It's thought to be an immune system problem where infection-fighting cells attack healthy skin cells by mistake. Researchers believe that both genetics and environmental factors play a role. The condition is not contagious.
9. pathophysiology
10. psoriasis triggersInfections, such as strep throat or skin infectionsWeather, especially cold, dry conditionsInjury to the skin, such as a cut or scrape, a bug bite, or a severe sunburnSmoking and exposure to secondhand smokeHeavy alcohol consumptionCertain medications — including lithium, high blood pressure drugs and antimalarial drugsRapid withdrawal of oral or injected corticosteroids
11. Risk factorFamily history. The condition runs in families. Having one parent with psoriasis increases your risk of getting the disease. And having two parents with psoriasis increases your risk even more.Smoking. Smoking tobacco not only increases the risk of psoriasis but also may increase the severity of the disease.
12. symptomsA patchy rash that varies widely in how it looks from person to person, ranging from spots of dandruff-like scaling to major eruptions over much of the bodyRashes that vary in color, tending to be shades of purple with gray scale on brown or Black skin and pink or red with silver scale on white skinSmall scaling spots (commonly seen in children)Dry, cracked skin that may bleedItching, burning or sorenessCyclic rashes that flare for a few weeks or months and then subside
13. Diagnostic evaluationPhysical exam. It’s usually easy for your doctor to diagnose psoriasis, especially if you have plaques on areas such as your:ScalpEarsElbowsKneesBelly buttonNailsYour doctor will give you a full physical exam and ask if people in your family have psoriasis.Lab tests. The doctor might do a biopsy -- remove a small piece of skin and test it to make sure you don’t have a skin infection. There’s no other test to confirm or rule out psoriasis.
14. Medical managementSteroid creamsMoisturizers for dry skinCoal tar (a common treatment for scalp psoriasis available in lotions, creams, foams, shampoos, and bath solutions)Vitamin D-based cream or ointment (a strong kind ordered by your doctor. Vitamin D in foods and pills has no effect.)Retinoid creams
15. Treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis include:Light therapy. A doctor shines ultraviolet light on your skin to slow the growth of skin cells. PUVA is a treatment that combines a medicine called psoralen with a special form of ultraviolet light.Methotrexate. This drug can cause bone marrow and liver disease as well as lung problems, so it’s only for serious cases. Doctors closely watch patients. You will have to get lab tests, perhaps a chest X-ray, and possibly a liver biopsy.Retinoids. These pills, creams, foams, lotions, and gels are a class of drugs related to vitamin A. Retinoids can cause serious side effects, including birth defects, so they’re not recommended for women who are pregnant or planning to have children.Cyclosporin This drug, made to suppress the immune system, may be taken for serious cases that do not respond to other treatments. It can damage the kidneys and raise blood pressure, so your doctor will closely watch your health while you take it.Biologic treatments. These work by blocking the part of the body's immune system that is overactive in psoriasis. Biologic medications include adalimumab (Humira), brodalumab (Siliq), certolizumab pegol (Cimzia) etanercept (Enbrel), guselkumab (Tremfya), infliximab (Remicade), ixekizumab(Taltz), risankizumab-rzaa (SKYRIZI), secukinumab (Cosentyx), tildrakizumab (Ilumya), and ustekinumab (Stelara).
16. preventionUse Moisturizing Lotions. ...Take Care of Your Skin and Scalp. ...Avoid Dry, Cold Weather. ...Use a Humidifier. ...Avoid Medications That Cause Flare-Ups. ...Avoid Scrapes, Cuts, Bumps, and Infections. ...Get Some Sun, But Not Too Much. ...Zap Stress.
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