Franco Davoli University of Genoa Italy and Matteo Repetto University of Genoa Italy Flavio Cucchietti Telecom Italia Turin Italy Carlo Tornelli Gianluigi Proserpio ID: 788032
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Report on “Boosting Energy Efficiency through Smart Grids”
Franco Davoli, University of Genoa, ItalyandMatteo Repetto –University of Genoa, ItalyFlavio Cucchietti – Telecom Italia, Turin, Italy Carlo Tornelli, Gianluigi Proserpio – RSE, Milan, Italy
Slide2Outline
Climate change and GHG emissionsResponsibility of the electrical system in GHG emissionsThe need for Smart GridsThe role of ICT in reducing GHG emissionsICT and the Smart GridEnergy footprint of ICT infrastructuresSmart grids in different economies2
Slide3Climate change and GHG emissions
GHG emissions are:Mainly due to electricity production
3growing fast
Source: K. A. Baumert, T. Herzog, J. Pershing, “Navigating the numbers: Greenhouse gas data and international climate policy”, World Resources Institute, Report, December 2005, ISBN: 1-56973-599-9. [Online]. Available: http://pdf.wri.org/navigating_numbers.pdf
.
Slide4Responsibility of the electrical system in GHG emissions
Large fluctuations in electricity demand …… require overprovisioning plants and grid and lead to inefficient generation
4Source: www.terna.it
Source: E. M. Lightner, S. E. Widergren
, “An orderly transition to a transformed electricity system”, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 3-10, June 2010. Oil and coal fired power plants are mainly responsible for GHG emissions of electricity production
Slide5The need for Smart Grids (SG)
To aim at a more sustainable electrical systemhigher efficiency and full integration of renewables will strongly cut down GHG emissions.To enable optimal use of resources, new services and economic savingThrough: Load management, Distributed Generation, Microgrids, Energy Storage, Grid Management, Market operations, Electrical Vehicles, …To link up all elements:To make grid management automatic, reliable, resilient, safe and secure.
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Slide6The ICT sector can enable emission reductions in a number of ways:
Standardizing: ICT standards are the keys for optimizing the management of the electrical grid and the ICT’s own energy footprint;Monitoring: ICT can incorporate monitoring information into the design and control of energy use;Accounting: ICT can provide the capabilities and platforms to improve accountability of energy and GHG;
Rethinking: ICT can offer innovations that capture energy efficiency opportunities across buildings/homes, transport, power, manufacturing and other infrastructures, and provide alternatives to current ways of operating, learning, living, working and travelling;Transforming: ICT can apply smart and integrated approaches to energy management of systems and processes, including benefits from both automation and behavioural change and develop alternatives to high carbon activities, across all sectors of the economy.
The role of ICT in reducing GHG emissions
Slide7The role of ICT in reducing GHG emissions
Cutting off the global carbon footprintSmart applications = -15% CO2 emissions!
Reducing
ICT’s own footprint
to avoid wasting part of the previous
gains
7
Source:
ICT
Sustainability through Innovation,
GeSI
Activity Report, June 2009, p. 4.
Slide8ICT and the Smart Grid
SG has different meanings for different players and usesICT supplies the pillars for the development of the Smart Grid, but there is a great risk of fragmentationIssuestoo many contextssystem of systemsheterogeneous communication technologiesintegration and interoperability8
Distributed services and applications
Data models and information exchange
CIM, IEC61850, DLMS/COSEM
Networking
SN, LAN/HAN, NAN/MAN, WAN
Communication media and technologies
Wired (Ethernet,
xDSL
, optical
fibre
), Power-Line (
HomePlug
,
HomePNA
,
HomeGrid
), Wireless (
ZigBee
, Z-wave,
WiFi
,
WiMax
, GSM, UMTS/LTE) ...
Slide9Energy footprint of ICT - 1
Energy footprint of ICT is continuously increasing … … mainly at the user side(Due to: more ICT devices; most devices are left powered on even when they are not used; standby mode is inefficient)Full implementation of Smart Grids will further raise current forecasts!
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Source: http://dmsext.itu.int/pub/itu-t/oth/33/04/T33040000020004pdfe.pdf
Slide10Energy footprint of ICT – 2
Consumption of SG elements will not be negligible!There is definitely the need for:Improvement of equipment, networks and services Development of SG with a holistic perspectiveInvolvement of all stakeholdersMore STANDARDIZATION and cooperation is needed!Without strong improvement on technologies and careful choice among solutions:The additional consumption of ICT in homes (home
networks, sensors, actuators, meters, displays …) could add as much as 10% to end users’ energy billAt national level, the global energy footprint of ICT for SG could be measurable as many percentage points of additional energy load
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Slide11Energy footprint of ICT - 3
The path towards Green ICT includes:Careful evaluation of the technical solutions chosenThere is definitely not a single solution able to fit all needs, World’s regions, cities, rural areas …Base decisions also on their energy consumptionRe-engineering of devices’ hardwareenergy-efficient silicon and reduction of complexity.Dynamic adaptation of performance/consumptionpower scaling (Adaptive Rate, AR) and low-power idle (LPI).
Smart standby statesproxying network presence and virtualization.Device and network level optimizationenergy-aware traffic engineering
Strong cooperation between Research – Standardization –Industry - Providers - Users is
needed11
Slide12Smart grids in different economies
Electricity is a key driver for economic development and social wellnessDisparity among different countries is evident inproduction of electricity;grid infrastructures.Most developing countries have power grids with limited coverage and low efficiencyIn many developing countries just a very small part of the population has access to the electrical grid! They need “Just” Grids.12
Source
: www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2008/weo2008.pdf
Electrification
Africa vs. Europe
Slide13Smart grids in different economies
Smart Grids have the potential to fill the gapsustainable and low-cost production of electricity by large integration of renewables;microgrids and islanding mode of operation for rural areas;improvement of efficiency by grid monitoring;reliable and cheaper supply of electricity by demand-response mechanisms;new business models to address specific needs of low-income customers and reduce administrative costs related to meter readings and billing.ICT must be ready to address
the challenges of developing countries too13
Slide14Key issues, challenges and opportunities for ICT
Modern paradigms often rely on rich and flexible data descriptionRisk of transmission delays, network overload and unacceptable performance for time-critical applications.Coexistence of multiple technologies – no “one fits all” solution wireline = higher performance, but with higher deployment costs (remote areas)wireless = cost-effective solutions, but performance limits and reach limitations; interferences are likely for unlicensed technologiesSurvivability of the telecommunication network to blackoutsICT for SG has to be carefully designed and standardized to:Maximize SG benefits
Guarantee a stable energy systemAvoid ICT to become an unacceptable energy burden itselfICT is the enabler of a more efficient electrical system and for the electrification
of developing countries14
Slide15More information
Contact: Cristina Bueti (greenstandard@itu.int)http://
www.itu.int/ITU-T/climatechange/Report:
http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/climatechange/report-smartgrids.html
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Slide16Thank YOU
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