By MATESO L Materne ALYM Feb 232013 Hundreds and thousands of people have been slaughtered from a number of conflicts and civil wars and there have been over 9 million refugees and internally displaced people from conflicts in ID: 564321
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Slide1
AFRICA’s UNENDING CONFLICTS
By MATESO L. Materne (ALYM)
Feb 23-2013
Slide2
Hundreds and thousands of people have been slaughtered from a number of conflicts and civil wars, and “there have been over 9 million refugees and internally displaced people from conflicts in Africa”. UNHCRSlide3
Ask yourself a question :“ What If this scale of destruction and fighting was in Europe ? “Slide4
Why these conflicts ?There are a number of reasons :Internal battles to gain
control of an existing
state
Ethnic groups seeking greater autonomy or striving to create an
independent state for themselves .
Failed states.
IGNORANCE !Slide5
Respects…Slide6Slide7
A look at some of the recent conflicts :ANGOLA ( civil war )
Casualties: more than 500,000 killed and over 1 M internally displaced .
Duration :1975 -2002
Savimbi
militarily trained in China
Found UNITA in 1966
Fought along MPLA for the independence of Angola
Jonas SAVIMBI Slide8
Santos ,
Comunist
president
of the republic and president of MPLA : 1979-present
Peace accord and free elections:1992
Savimbi
40 %
Dos
santos
49 %.
Death of Savimbi envoy ( his VP )…No 2nd
round! Death of Savimbi: 2002
José Eduardo dos SantosSlide9
CONGO(DRC)KIVU conflict
General in FARDC
2004 : formed CNDP
cause : marginalization of his minority people and threat caused by FDLR
2009: arrested in Rwanda
and CNDP became a political party
2012 : M23 movement
Late 2012 : withdrawal following
kampala
meeting
Gen . Laurent NKUNDA Slide10
Nkunda total army : 6000-8000 men Congolese total army : 144,000-159,000 men
MONUSCO : 16,000men
Death toll :
5.4 million
people 1998-2008.
ranked the world’s deadliest conflict since World War II!!
Human right crimes
CHILD soldiers Slide11
Rape
Pillaging
“DRC …
When
natural resources get
to be a curse
“Slide12
CAR (Central African Rep.)2003 : Coup
d’etat
by the current president Francois
Bozize
.
2004-2007 : CAR Bush war .
2007 : Peace agreement
with the
rebels integration.
2012 : conflicts resumed . Cause : Government trying to play smart.
2013 : Peace agreement but keep the seized
territorry
.
Francois
BOZIZE .Slide13
KENYA 2007-2008 post- presidential election crisis
Contesters :
Mwai
KIBAKI
(inc. president)
vs
R
aila
ODINGA (opposition)Early results : ODINGA’s victory Official results : KIBAKI victory.
Within minutes VIOLENCE broke out …
Mwai
KIBAKI
Raila
ODINGA Slide14
casualties: Death toll : more than a 1000 people Displacement : More than 600,000 peopleEnd of violence : early 2008. agreement on power sharing followed by creation of PM post . Slide15
ZIMBABWE 2008 Election crisis
Probably the most hated human being alive …
In office : 1987 –present
( tech. since independence 1980 as PM )
Present GAMAL Abdel Nasser (Egypt 1956-1970 ) ?
…………
Robert MUGABE
NASSERSlide16Slide17
Land reform policies White minority : < 1% of the country’s population . Owned : 47% of the country’s arable land .
70% of the best farming land .
2000 : MUGABE
distibuted
the land to the black community
….thus the start of the so called international community sanctions .
Aftermath : the once prosperous agricultural industry suffered badly ….and the country went into a deep mess,
Food insecurity Slide18
Hyper-inflation
HomelessnessSlide19
2008 elections : 1st round results delayed for a month : MUGABE 43 %
TSVANGIRAI 48 %
Disappointed MUGABE started going after his opponent’ supporters
.
TSVANGIRAI withdrawal
2nd round : MUGABE 83 %
TSVANGIRAI 9 %
!
Political violence
Power sharing , TSVANGIRAI appointed as PM.
Robert MUGABE
Morgan TSVANGIRAISlide20
Lesson learnt ?1st time accident
2
nd
time carelessness
3
rd
time ? IGNORANCE . Slide21
COTE D’IVOIRE 2000 :
Gbagbo’s
victory over Gen. Robert
Guéï
, the latter refused .
street protests bring
gbagbo
to power .
2002-2005 : civil war due to
discremination
of the
notherners
mostly foreign descent .
2005 : Cease –fire and peace agreement
Laurent
GBAGBO
Alasanne
OUATTARA Slide22
2010 : Presidential election after being postponed 6 times (6 years ).Ouatara victory over Gbagbo .
Gbagbo
refused to recognize the result and self proclaim the winner !
Specialty : 2 president in in the country !
2010-2011: Crisis and
Gbagbo
arrest by
Ouattara
forces .Slide23
MALI NOTHERN MALI conflicts
For sometime
Tuaregs
from the north had formed a rebellion (MNLA) …seeking for independence .
March 2012 : coup
d’etat
by angry low rank
officials grouped in CNRDR
cause : president’s handling of the crisis in the north.
coup leader :
Cap.Amadou
SANOGO
Frm
pres.
Amadou
TOURE
Capt. SANOGO Slide24
Consequences :April 2012 : Touareg rebels backed by
islamist
group ANSAR DINE took over the north and declare independence
ANSAR DINE imposition of strict
sharia
law
Misunderstanding between ANSAR DINE and MNLA
ANSAR DINE take -over
TOUAREGS
ANSAR DINE Slide25
Foreign intervention January 2013 : French military (major player )AU forces …
February 2013 :
Nothern
MALI retaken ….Slide26
ReligionSlide27
SOMALIA’s AL SHABABSlide28
NIGERIA’s BOKO HARAM
“Since
its founding in 2001,
they have
been responsible for between 3,000 to 10,000
deaths.
” :
wikipedia
Slide29Slide30
There is still hope ….The Future is bright
THANKS……..Slide31
References :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War
http://
www.responsibilitytoprotect.org/index.php/crises/crisis-in-zimbabwe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivu_Conflict
http://
www.globalissues.org/article/87/the-democratic-republic-of-congo