11 The Nature of Sound I Essential Question What is sound and how does it move II Key Vocabulary Density the amount of matter in a given space or volume Found by dividing the mass by the volume ID: 537692
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Slide1
Chapter 2 – Sound
1.1 The Nature of Sound Slide2
I. Essential Question:
What is sound and how does it move? Slide3
II. Key Vocabulary
Density:
the amount of matter in a given space or volume.
Found by dividing the mass by the volume. Slide4
III. Key Concepts
Sound moves through a medium (gas, liquid, and solid) as a longitudinal wave.
Sound begins as a vibration.
When air particles are pushed together, it is a
compression;
when they are spread apart, it is a
rarefaction.Slide5
III. Key Concepts
Sound waves can bend around objects, allowing them to travel and spread.
Factors affect the speed of sound:
Temperature
: higher heat = faster sound; particles move more quickly in warmer temperatures.
Stiffness
: more stiff = faster sound; fastest in solids, slowest in gases
Density
: greater density = slower sound; it is harder for particles to move. Slide6
IV. ExplorationSlide7
IV. ExplorationSlide8
IV. Exploration
Data Analysis Slide9
V. Understanding and ApplyingSlide10
Chapter 2 – Sound
1.2 Properties of SoundSlide11
I. Essential Question:
How are pitch and loudness effected? Slide12
II. Key Vocabulary
Pitch:
how high or low a sound seems to a person.
Loudness:
your awareness of a sound’s energy.
Intensity:
the amount of energy a sound wave carries per second through a small area.
Decibel:
unit used to measure loudness
Doppler effect:
the change in frequency of a wave as its source moves in relation to an observer. Slide13
III. Key Concepts
Pitch depends on the frequency of a wave; higher frequencies have higher pitches.
Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz), which is vibrations per second.
When your vocal cords are stretched, they vibrate more quickly, and creates a higher-frequency sound. Slide14
III. Key Concepts
Loudness depends on the energy and intensity of a wave.
Greater energy results in greater amplitude (higher waves) and a greater loudness.
The closer a sound wave is to the source, the greater its energy; greater intensity produces louder sounds. Slide15
III. Key Concepts
The Doppler effect occurs because the motion of the source causes the waves to either get closer together or spread out. Slide16
IV. ExplorationSlide17
V. Understanding and ApplyingSlide18
Chapter 2 – Sound
1.3 Music Slide19
I. Essential Question:
What determines sound quality? Slide20
II. Key Vocabulary
Music:
a set of notes that combine in patterns that are pleasing.
Fundamental tone:
the lowest natural frequency of sound.
Overtone:
the higher natural frequencies of sound. Slide21
III. Key Concepts
Sound quality is a mixture of fundamental tones and overtones.
Each instrument produces different overtones, so the blending of the tones produces different sound qualities. Slide22
IV. ExplorationSlide23
V. Understanding and ApplyingSlide24
Chapter 2 – Sound
1.4 Hearing SoundSlide25
I. Essential Question:
How do your ears work? Slide26
II. Key Vocabulary
Ear canal:
narrow tube connecting the outer ear to the eardrum.
Eardrum:
small, tightly stretched, drum-like membrane.
Cochlea
:
the liquid-filled cavity shaped like a snail shell. Slide27
III. Key Concepts
Your ears gather sound waves and send info to your brain.
The outer ear collects sound waves and sends them to the middle ear, which transmits the waves to the inner ear, which sound waves into a message for your brain.
The middle ear is made up of the hammer, anvil, and the stirrup. Slide28
III. Key Concepts
When the eardrums vibrate, the hammer vibrates.
This causes the anvil to vibrate, and eventually the stirrup.
When vibrations move into the fluid of the cochlea, messages are sent to the brain through the auditory nerve. Slide29
III. Key Concepts
Hearing loss can occur suddenly if the eardrum is damaged.
Hearing loss can occur over time as cells die in the cochlea.
Hearing aids and cochlear implants can be used in some cases to help people regain hearing. Slide30
IV. ExplorationSlide31
V. Understanding and ApplyingSlide32
Chapter 2
– Sound
1.5 Using SoundSlide33
I. Essential Question:
How do living organisms use sound? Slide34
II. Key Vocabulary
Echolocation:
the use of reflected sound waves to determine distances and locate objects.
Ultrasound:
sound waves with frequencies above the normal human range of hearing.
Sonar:
a system that uses reflected sound waves to detect and locate objects under water.
Sound navigation and ranging
Sonogram:
a picture created by ultrasound waves. Slide35
III. Key Concepts
Animals, like bats and dolphins, use echolocation to help find food.
Bats send out waves and can detect location based on how long it takes the waves to return.
Dolphins sense reflected sound waves in the water through their jawbones. Slide36
III. Key Concepts
Sonar devices can detect reflected waves underwater.
Scientists use the following formula:
Distance = Speed of sound in water x time
During an ultrasound, waves are sent into the body and the reflected waves are shown on a sonogram.
Used to diagnose and treat medical conditions and different events of pregnancy. Slide37
IV. ExplorationSlide38
V. Understanding and Applying