Class 33 November 11 2015 The Protestants and The Catholics Why does this matter to us andor to Western Civ Youve probably already guessed it the CatholicProtestant thing makes us Western ID: 463339
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Slide1
CIV 101-02
Class 33
November 11, 2015
The Protestants and
The CatholicsSlide2
Why does this matter to us and/or to Western Civ
?
You’ve probably already guessed it:
the Catholic/Protestant thing
makes us Western!
The cumulative effects of Christianity simply cannot be denied as factors in every development in the West (and in our incursions into other parts of the world).
Slide3
T
he
Catholic/Protestant thing
m
akes us Western!
Europe will be shaped, for over two hundred years, by conflicts (including wars) over
The Catholic/Protestant
splitSlide4
The Catholic/Protestant thing
makes
us Western!
European expansion/colonialism is driven by efforts to evangelize the world
European expansion/
colonialism (esp. in the “new world”)
is driven by Europeans wanting
to get away from
the effects of Catholic/Protestant battles and persecution.Slide5
The Catholic/Protestant thing
makes
us Western!
We (in the US) may not be a “Christian nation,” but Christianity, in one form or another, appeals to a majority of our
citizens
and informs many of the bases of our constitutional government.Slide6
Protestantism:
From Reform to
Revolt
The Context and the startEarlier
reform
efforts
:
Wycliff
, Oxford theologian, mid 1300s. Scripture (the Bible, as the only authority)
Hus, A Czech scholar, late 1300s/early 1400s. Supported reading
Wycliff’s
banned works and translating the bible to the vernacular. Burned at the stake by the Church.
Luther: first, against indulgences; later, against most Catholic theology.
Calvin (organizes diverse complaints and systems)
Henry
VIII: Sets the Church of England (already present) as the state church
(politics not religion, but with religious outcomes
)Slide7
Catholic/Protestant
Fundamental Differences
Don’t forget, there are MANY versions of both. I’m painting with a broad, general, brush.Slide8
Fundamental Difference #1
Papal Authority
From this aspect, flows the entire structure of the Catholic Church
Against it, the Protestant revolution
.Without this, the whole edifice comes down.
Did Jesus build the Church upon “Peter, the rock”? (so say the Catholics).
Did Jesus build the Church and then give it to men (via Peter)? (so say the Protestants).
Papal
infallibility (on matters of faith and doctrine) and papal succession; the selection and arraying of leaders (bishops and such) according to papal authority; the decisions of the Councils on matters of faith and doctrine; etc., Slide9
Fundamental Difference #2
Salvation via Faith (Protestants) alone vs. Salvation via good
works—including following the rules
(Catholics).
If via good works: following the rules, sinning or not sinning, performing various actions, “add up to” going to heaven or hell (salvation or not)
This view leans toward free will (that matters) as humans make choices with consequences.
If via Faith alone: a personal statement of conviction (“I believe, I’ve been saved”) is all one can/must do for salvation.
This view also leans toward predestination. Once one is “saved” via faith, there’s not much left to do.
If one isn’t saved this way, there’s not much one can do either.Slide10
Fundamental Difference #3
Role of the Bible
(which one, and how to read/interpret it)
For Catholics, the Bible (New Testament) is important
The Church’s theology and dogma, documents and rulings, interpret the work and its application.
This tends to find the Bible standing alongside, yet above, other important documents. In some cases, Church law/writings are nearly as important.
For Protestants, the Bible
(New Testament) is
pre-eminent
.
The individual reads the literal words.
The Bible is above all other words.
Since it’s a key document, which version one uses matters, a lot.Slide11
Fundamental Difference #4
The previous three differences cast everything in (and outside) of Catholicism into different light, especially
The sacraments: Their status is totally different between belief systems. For example:
Catholics adhere to TRANSUBSTANTIATION in the sacrament of the Eucharist
The water and wine become
the literal body and blood of Jesus Christ in the mystery of the mass.
Protestants adhere to CONSUBSTANTIATION in the Eucharist ceremony.
The entire process is a memorial of and to the Last Supper that reminds us of Jesus and his activities.Slide12
These differences tear the West apart then influence how it develops
Separations of church and state increase.
The influence of the Roman/Papal Catholic church decreases as the influence of the
(multiple)
Protestant sects increase.The Christian religion stays at the center of Western life, into the 20th century (and in some places---but not all--- beyond).