is a judgment about an individual based on the real or imagined characteristics of a group AntiSemitism is prejudice against or hostility toward Jews often rooted in hatred of their ethnic background culture andor religion ID: 661081
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Slide1
Essential Terms
A
stereotype
is a judgment about an individual based on the real or imagined characteristics of a group
.
Anti-Semitism
is prejudice against or hostility toward Jews often rooted in hatred of their ethnic background, culture, and/or religion
.
In short,
Anti-Semitism
is hatred of Jews.
Slide2
What does “Jewish” mean?
An ETHNICITY:
People of Jewish ethnicity are descended from immigrants from the Middle East, and share a genetic heritage. In this way, “Jewish” can be used in the same way that “Latino,” “Black,” or “White” is.
A RELIGION:Judaism is a monotheistic religion that was the basis for Christianity.
Not all ETHNIC Jews practice the RELIGION.
Not all RELIGIOUSLY Jewish people are ETHNIC Jews.Slide3
Key Elements of Jewish Identity
Star of David
The Torah
Yarmulke
“The Holy Land”
(Jerusalem)
The “Wailing Wall”Slide4
Anti-Semitism
Hitler was anti-Semitic and developed laws meant to spread
anti-Semitism
However, Hitler was NOT the first anti-sematic person. There is a long history of Anti-Semitism in Europe that goes back 2,000 years ago. Slide5
Jewish Diaspora
Jewish kingdoms in Middle East for thousands of years.
Conquered by the Roman Empire
≈30 C.E. Christianity is formed by Jews near Jerusalem≈70 C.E. Roman Empire destroys Jewish kingdoms, Jews are spread around Europe, N. Africa, and Middle EastCalled the “Diaspora”
In Europe, Jews
often become
segregated
minorities in
majority-Christian
citiesSlide6
Jewish Diaspora
70 C.E. – 1945 C.E.:
In most of Europe, Jews live in separate, unified communities, in or near cities and towns.
Europeans knew Jewish communities, but didn’t interact with them a lot.Since the Jewish communities were not integrated with the rest of the countries they lived in, they were often less vulnerable to economic downturns.Slide7
Christian Anti-Semitism
Christianity was not Anti-Semitic originally
Original Christians were Jews!
Gospels (original books of Christianity) have no criticism of JewsAs Christianity became a majority religion, Christian leaders began to teach that Jews were bad, should be blamed for Jesus’ executionDebate about this for Christians today
The Passion of the Christ
(2004)
This film, by conservative Catholic Mel Gibson, features caricatured Jews as tormentors of Jesus, who orchestrate his execution.Slide8
Key Term: Blood Libel (
)
Blood libel
refers to a false accusation or claim that religious minorities, usually Jews, murder children to use their blood in certain aspects of their religious rituals and holidays.
Blood libel is the most common form of Anti-Semitism throughout European history.
Blood libel is an example of the extreme dangers of stereotyping.Slide9
HISTORY OF ANTI-SEMITISM IN EUROPE
Blood Libel: The story of Simon of Trent (1475:
Simon of Trent, aged two, disappeared, and his father alleged that he had been kidnapped and murdered by the local Jewish community.
Fifteen local Jews were sentenced to death and burned.Slide10
Shakespeare’s “The Merchant of Venice” (1598)
Main character is Jewish money lender named “Shylock.”
Is depicted as greedy and murderous.
Demands “Pound of Flesh” from man who owes him moneySlide11
Blood Libel: Poland, 1712
A Fresco from St. Paul’s Cathedral in Poland
Blood libel in
Sandomierz
(Poland) in 1712 caused the Jews of the town to be expelled.Slide12
Blood Libel: Ukraine 1910
Anti-Semitic fliers distributed in Kiev, Ukraine warning "Christians, take care of your children!!! It will be Jewish Passover on March 17."Slide13
Stereotype: Jews as Political/ Economic Manipulators
A common element in anti-Semitic cartoons: the Jew holding the world in his hands.
The Rothschild family is a European family of German Jewish origin that created banks from the late 18th century.
It has been argued that during the 19th century, the family possessed by far the largest private fortune in the world
Still influential in Europe after WWI. Hitler blamed
Rothschilds
for the Treaty of Versailles.
“Rothschild” by C.
Léandre
;
France, 1898Slide14
Stereotype: Jews as
Political and
Economic Manipulators
Germany’s
surrender
in WWI was
blamed upon the unpatriotic populace, the Socialists, Bolsheviks, the Weimar Republic, and especially the Jews. (1919)
An illustration from a 1919 Austrian postcard showing a caricatured Jewish woman stabbing the German Army in the back with a dagger.Slide15
“The one who sucks blood”
Germany, Feb 1930
Stereotype: Jews as
Political and
Economic ManipulatorsSlide16
Process by yourself or with partner
What was going on in Germany in 1930?
“The one who sucks blood”
Germany, Feb 1930