Chapter 27 The War Begins Section 1 Background Communist Government was to rule North Vietnam from its capital of Hanoi Ngo Dinh Diem was to rule South Vietnam from its capital of Saigon ID: 300634
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Slide1
The Vietnam Era
Chapter 27Slide2
The War Begins
Section 1Slide3
Background
Communist Government was to rule North Vietnam from its capital of
Hanoi
.
Ngo Dinh Diem was to rule South Vietnam from its capital of
Saigon.Guerrillas in South Vietnam who were furnished by the North Vietnamese were called Vietcong.The United States responded to Diem’s governing by withdrawing support.
Introduction to WarSlide4
American Involvement Grows
Section 2Slide5
North Vietnam attacks American destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin.
Johnson responds by calling for:
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Airstrikes against North VietnamSlide6
Johnson runs for reelection, vowing not to send Americans to Vietnam.
Johnson
wins
the 1964 election in a
landslide
.
LBJ Campaign AdSlide7
North Vietnam attacks American base at Pleiku.
Johnson responds by launching more
airstrikesSlide8
The Vietcong continue their attacks.
Americans develop new weapons, including
napalm
and
Agent Orange
.Americans try to kill massive numbers of enemy troops in missions called search and destroy missions.
See pages 916Slide9
The North Vietnamese launch the
Tet Offensive
on the New Year holiday.
Americans and South Vietnamese troops retake cities and win the battle.
Americans at home react with
surprise and decreasing support for the war.Slide10
The war continues for several years.
Hawks
supported the war and wanted the government to mount an all-out military effort to decisively defeat the Vietcong and North Vietnam
Doves
believed that the Vietnam war could not be won and was morally wrongSlide11
Opposition to the war increases.
Some resisters
burn
their draft cards.
Some claim to be
conscientious objectors, who disagree with war for religious or philosophical reasons.Many flee to Canada.Slide12
Antiwar movement evolves.
First, protests are mainly
peaceful
.
Later, violence between protesters and
police
becomes more common.
See Page 914Slide13
Vietnam ProtestsSlide14
Washington D.C. Protest
Oct 21, 1967
Nearly 100,000 people gathered to protest the American war effort in Vietnam
The protest was the most dramatic sign of waning U.S. support for the war in VietnamSlide15
Kent State MassacreSlide16
Ohio National Guardsmen fire tear gas to disperse a crowd of students protesting the Vietnam War on Kent State University's campus. May 4, 1970.Slide17
Ohio National Guardsmen stand in front of the Army ROTC building on Kent State University's campus.Slide18
The guardsmen fired 67 rounds over a period of 13 seconds
Recent evidence shows that there was a command given to fire on unarmed demonstrators!Slide19
A Kent State University student lies on the ground after National Guardsman fired into a crowd of anti-Vietnam War
demonstrators
.Slide20
Kent State students gather around a wounded person on the University campus.
Ohio
National Guardsmen hold their weapons.Slide21
Mary Ann Vecchio kneels by the body of a student who was shot to death by
Ohio
National Guardsmen.Slide22
Ohio National Guardsmen patrol the empty Kent State University campus on May 6, 1970, after a three-day student riot. Slide23
Members of the Guard killed four students and injured nine during the campus protest against the Vietnam War
.
Half of these students weren’t demonstrating, they were just in the wrong place at the wrong time. (some were walking between classes)Slide24
The four dead in Ohio.
*Walking between classes
*
*Slide25Slide26
Anti-War/ Protest Songs
Fortunate Son
- CCR
Ohio
- Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young
War - Edwin StarrFor What It’s Worth - Buffalo SpringfieldSlide27
The War Ends
Section 3Slide28
Johnson does not run for reelection.
• Hubert Humphrey runs for the Democrats.
Nixon promises to bring “peace with honor.”
•
Nixon
wins the 1968 presidential election.
Nixon pursues a policy of
Vietnamization
• American troops withdraw, giving the South Vietnamese more responsibility for the war.Slide29
Nixon calls for bombing Cambodian bases.
• For the outcome of the war, the effect is small
• For Cambodia, the bombings cause
chaos and civil war
.
• The attacks
trigger
a new storm of protests
in the United States.Slide30
Henry Kissinger meets with a North Vietnamese leader to work out a peace agreement.
• Before the 1972 presidential election, Kissinger promises that
peace is at hand
• In fact, the South Vietnamese rejected the proposed
agreement.
Paris Peace Accords
are signed in January 1973.
• The last U.S. combat troops leave Vietnam by
March 1973
North Vietnamese are allowed to keep 150,000 troops in South Vietnam.
• North Vietnamese troops proceed to
seize control of the CountrySlide31
South Vietnamese troops retreat.
• Thousands of soldiers die and civilians flee in what became known as the
Convey of Tears
South Vietnamese government surrenders.
• Vietnam is united under a
Communist
government
.
• Saigon is renamed
Ho Chi Minh
City
.Slide32
Number of killed and wounded
•
58,000
Americans
die in battle.
• About
350,000
South
Vietnamese die in battle.
• North Vietnamese dead are between
500,000 and 1 million
•
10 million
people
in South Vietnam are left homeless.Slide33
A Time of Uncertainty
Section 4Slide34
Watergate
In order to obtain information during the 1972 presidential elections, burglars broke into the
Democratic Party
offices in the
Watergate
apartment complex.White House Officials paid the burglars so that they would not tell the story of the burglary.A Senate committee held hearings to investigate the scandal.
John Dean
, a former White House counsel, testified that Nixon had approved the cover-up.Slide35
Watergate
The Supreme Court ordered Nixon to turn over tapes of his conversations.
The House of Representatives took steps to
impeach
President Nixon.
On August 9, 1974, Nixon resigned.Slide36