recent developments in T urkey MDoğu KARAKAYA TURKSTAT Expert Population and Migration Statistics Group Demographic Statistics Department 24 th September 201 4 G eneva TRADITIONAL POPULATION CENSUSES ID: 816266
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Slide1
International migration data sources and recent developments in Turkey
M.Doğu KARAKAYATURKSTAT ExpertPopulation and Migration Statistics GroupDemographic Statistics Department24th September, 2014Geneva
Slide2TRADITIONAL POPULATION CENSUSES
2011 POPULATION AND HOUSING
CENSUS
ADDRESS BASED POPULATION REGISTRATION SYSTEM (ABPRS
)
MIGRATION
HISTORY
OF TURKEY
DATA SOURCES
ADMINISTRATIVE
SOURCES
BRIEF CONCLUSION
MAIN FINDINGS
CONTENT
Slide3MIGRATION HISTORY OF TURKEY
Slide4Migration History of Turkey 1960- 1973 → Emigration (Labour Migration)1974 → Family Reunification 1980 →
Return to Country1985 → Immigration Country Emigration Country Immigration Country transit migration illegal migration return migration
Slide5Data Sources Population CensusesAdministrative sources Establishment of ABPRS (2007)Annual statistics for foreign residents
SurveysLow proportion of immigrants or foreignersNo survey on migrationNo ad-hoc module in regular household surveys
Slide6Population Censuses in TurkeyHistory first census in 1927, second census in 1935, every five years between 1935-1990, last
traditional census in 2000Totally 14 traditional population censuses.MethodTraditional census method (face to face interview),
Standard questionnaire,
De facto population census
definition
,
One day application with national curfew
(no
permission go out).
Slide7Traditional Population Census Place of birth → 1927-2000Country of citizenship → 1927-2000
Place of permanent residence → 1980-2000Place of permanent residence five years ago → 1980-2000
Slide8Population Censuses in TurkeyMain Problems
No information on usual residence (de jure),Over-counting (imaginary) population,High costDuration of data processing around 3.5 years,Restricted questions because of the one-day application,Information on population size and their characteristics available within ten-year interval.
Slide9TargetChanging the system from
traditional census to register-based census
Slide10ADDRESS BASED POPULATION REGISTRATION SYSTEM (ABPRS)
Slide11Address Based Population Registration System Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) was established in 2007Purpose:
To establish National Address Database (NAD) all addresses within the boundaries of the countryTo establish ABPRS information on place of residence of all people living in the country.
Slide12Address
Personal Information
ABPRS
WHAT IS ADDRESS BASED POPULATION REGISTRATION SYSTEM?
MATCHED personal information from MERNIS and addresses from NAD by using the Turkish Republic identification numbers
Slide13Changes of address componentsBurned and Demolished Buildings
Construction Forms (new buildings)Changes of administrative units Use of the agenciesBirth, death, marriage, divorce
Changes of usual residence address
Controlling the notification of the changes
Use for the services
Border changes of a settlement
Constructing new residential areas
Increasing the consciousness
ABPRS
NAD
MERNIS
Updating
the
System
Slide14DefinitionsForeigners : Civil Registration Law mention in Art. 8:
“Foreigners who for whatever reason have obtained residence permit for aliens to remain in Turkey for at least six months period shall be entered in the Foreigners register”.In addition the rules for the Address Based Population Registration System includes in the database foreigners residing in Turkey and defined as follows:“Foreigners who reside in Turkey for a period of at least 6 months or come to Turkey with the intention of residing here for at least 6 months”.
Slide15Problems in Having Update Foreigner Data Many foreigners have residence permits but not registered in the ABPRS These are updated by using residence permits which are kept from General Directorate of Security
Leave the country although there is still a valid residence permit. Still reside in the country illegally although duration of residence permit expired
Slide16Weaknesses of the ABPRS regarding to migration The ABPRS only allows to estimate the stocks of foreign citizens Not allowed to get information
on: flow statisticsarrivals of foreignersTurkish citizens living abroad.
Slide172011 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF TURKEY
(USE OF REGISTERS FOR CENSUS PURPOSE)
Slide18PurposeTo obtain information that are not available in the ABPRS and other administrative registers or can not obtained from regular household surveys in province and district level. Such as labor force , characteristics
of buildings and dwellings, migration characteristics, etc.Legal baseThe 2007-2011 Official Statistics Program of TurkStat, and in line with EU Requirements
Why
did
we
need
a
census ?
Slide19Topics Covered in the 2011 PHCIndicators regarding
to the immigration:Citizenship, Place of birth, Place of usual residence one year prior to the census, Place of usual residence five years prior to the census, Reason for migration Ever resided abroad Year of arrival in the country F
oreigners constitute less than 1 percent of the total population,
Slide20Migration-related Topics Covered in the Censuses20
Traditional censuses
2011 PHC
Definition for residency rule
De
-
facto
De
-
jure
Country of
birth
üü
Country of citizenship
üx1
Ever
resided
abroad
x
ü
Country
of
residence
1
year
prior
to
the
census
x
ü
Country
of
residence
5
years
prior
to
the
census
ü
x
1
:
In
Turkey
,
the
share
of
the
foreign
citizens
in total
population
is
less
than
1%.
During
the
analysis
stage
, it
was
determined
that
in
the
census
sample
,
foreign
citizens
could
not be
very
well
represented
.
Slide2124.09.201421
The Ministry of InteriorTurkish National Police
Min.of Labor & Soc.Security
Data on
Naturalization
Foreign
Population
by
Place of Residence in Turkey Border Statistics
Asylum Statistics
İllegal Migration
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Visa information
Work
Permits
Data on
Turkish
Citizens
Living
Abroad
Resident
Permits
Address
Register
System
Administrative Data Sources Compiled by Related Organizations
Slide22Establisment of a New OrganizationGeneral Directorate of Migration ManagementLaw on
Foreigners and International Protection has been adopted in 2013 and entered into force in 2014. By the Law, comprehensive, coherence and human-based migration management system has been established in Turkey. This system is conducted by a civilian institution.
Slide23Establisment of a New OrganizationGeneral Directorate of Migration ManagementResponsibility :
for implementing policies and strategies related to migration and carrying out the tasks and procedures related toregularirregular migration, international protection, temporary protection, stateless persons protection of victims of human trafficking
Slide24General Directorate of Civil Registration and
Nationality General Directorate of Migration ManagementMinistry of Labor and Social Security
Data on
Naturalization
Foreign Population
by Place of
Residence in Turkey
Border
Statistics
Asylum Statistics
İllegal Migration
Ministry
of Foreign Affairs Visa
information Work Permits
Data on
Turkish
Citizens
Living
Abroad
Resident Permits
Turkish
National
Police
Address
Register
System
New Structure of Administrative Organizations
Slide25Administrative Data Sources Summary of administrative dataBorder Registers: lack of flow data on international migration
Residence Permits: Stock data on immigrationAsylum seekers Work permits: (Very strong data source) data bank of foreigners working in TurkeyData on naturalizationsData on citizens abroad: limited information
Slide26BRIEF CONCLUSION
Slide27ConclusionAs Turkey is both a country of immigration and an emigration, there is a vital need for improving the data sources and statistics on international migration.Statistics on international migration are insufficient
Most of the administrative data sources are traditionally used for administrative purposes only. But, the coordination between organizationsawareness about the importance of data needaccuracy have been improved.
Slide28PLANS FOR THE FUTURE
Slide29Future PlanningThere is high level of interest in TurkStat and related organizations General Directorate of Migration Management (new),
Turkish National Police, Ministry of Labor and Social Security, General Directoratesof Civil Registration and Nationality Ministry of Foreign Affairs)to improve international migration statistics. The aim of these studies is to produce and disseminate comparable and reliable statistics on international migration with the EU standards.
Slide30MAIN FINDINGS
Slide31Immigration in Turkey, 1975-2011 Censuses*between 1975-2000, the information is derived from the question "Place of residence 5 years prior to the census". In 2011, the information is derived from the question "ever resided abroad and year of arrival"
PeriodSize of immigrants% in total population1975-1980254 171
0,66
1980-1985
410
232
0,92
1985-1990388 9940,77
1995-2000
234 1110,382007-2011*316 0000,42
Slide32Stock of foreign born in Turkey, reported by Censuses 1935-2000
Census Year Total number of foreign born Foreign born (%)1935 962 1595
.951945
832 616
4
.
43
1950
755 5263.61
1955
845 9623.521960 952 5153.43
1965 903 0742.88
1970 889 1702.501980 868 195
1.941985 934 990
1.8519901 133 1522.01
2000
1 260 530
1
.
86
Foreign Born s based on Traditional Population Census
Slide33Stock of foreign-born in Turkey, 1935-2011 Censuses
Slide34Stock of foreign born in Turkey, reported by ABPRS, 2007-2013
ABPRS Year Total PopulationForeign PopulationForeign population (%)
2007
70 586 256
98 064
0.14
2008
71 517
100
104 441
0.15200972 561 312
167 3440.232010
73 722 988190 5310.262011
74 724 269242 1280.32
201275 627 384278 664
0.37
2013
76 667 864
456 506
0.60
Foreign Population Based on ABPRS
Slide35The most common 10
foreign citizenship residing in Turkey according to the ABPRS, 2012-2013Citizenship20122013
Total
278 664
456 506
Germany
25 589
59 026
Syria
10 067
57 896Iraq
19 12431 138Afghanistan
19 53927 893Azerbaijan18 917
26 227Russian Fed.15 582
20 650Iran12 21116 834
United
Kingdom
9 309
15
999
Bulgaria
12 157
14 147
Georgia
15 653
13 475
Foreign Population Based on ABPRS
Slide36Residence permits based on Administrative Registers
The number of residence permit by type of residence according to the administrative registers
Slide37The number of asylum applications according to the administrative registers, 2005-2013
Asylum Applications by years NumberAsylum Applications based on Administrative Registers
Slide38Distribution of work permits by years and sex according to the administrative registers, 2003-2013
Work Permits based on Administrative Registers
Slide39Thank you for your attention !