Farmers Native Americans Assimilation Reactions African Americans Economics Segregation General Working amp Living Conditions In General Women amp Children Immigrants Advertising ID: 795678
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Slide1
Last West & US At 1900
Farmers Native AmericansAssimilationReactionsAfrican AmericansEconomics SegregationGeneral Working & Living ConditionsIn General…Women & ChildrenImmigrantsAdvertising
Key Terms
Dawes Act
Ghost Dance
Wounded Knee
Sharecropping
Crop-Lein
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Jim Crow
New Immigrants
Slide2Pacific Railway Act
(1862)Union Pacific & Central Pacific RR could oversee construction of the transcontinental RRThe companies received 10 (later 20) Sections of land for each mile of track built1 Section = 1 Square MileThe Railroad would have NEVER been built so quickly without the government subsidies
The companies received between $16,000-48,000 in loans for each mile of track built
Slide3Railroads & Buffalo
Slide4Power Of Railroads
(Time Zones In 1883) Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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2
Slide5Homestead Act(1862)
Adults could select 160 acres of surveyed, unclaimed landThe land had to be occupied for five years & “improved”After five years the land was their own for a nominal fee
Slide6Impact Of Homestead Act
Allowed over 400,000 families to become landowners!
Railroads provided transportation to “sod-busters”
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Slide7Last West & US At 1900
Farmers Native AmericansAssimilationReactionsAfrican AmericansEconomics SegregationGeneral Working & Living ConditionsIn General…Women & ChildrenImmigrantsAdvertising
Key Terms
Dawes Act
Ghost Dance
Wounded Knee
Sharecropping
Crop-Lein
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Jim Crow
New Immigrants
Slide8Impact Of Homestead Act
Allowed over 400,000 families to become landowners!Railroads provided transportation to “sod-busters”
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Problems…
Slide9Precipitation
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Slide10Clearing A Field Of Grasshoppers
Slide11Prairie Dogs
Slide12Impact Of Homestead Act
Allowed over 400,000 families to become landowners!Problems…In order to be successful farmers, people needed additional money (at least $1,000)
Railroads provided transportation to “sod-busters”
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Slide13Last West & US At 1900
Farmers Native AmericansAssimilationReactionsAfrican AmericansEconomics SegregationGeneral Working & Living ConditionsIn General…Women & ChildrenImmigrantsAdvertising
Key Terms
Dawes Act
Ghost Dance
Wounded Knee
Sharecropping
Crop-Lein
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Jim Crow
New Immigrants
Slide14Pre-Contact Culture Areas
Slide15Major Indian/White Clashes
Slide16Dawes Act
(1887)Government’s Goal: Assimilation
Slide17Reservation Land
Slide18Dawes Act
(1887)Each Indian head of household received 160 acres of landAdditional family members received 40 acresParticipation was mandatoryAs a result 2/3 of all tribal land was lost between 1890-1930
Government’s Goal: Assimilation
Slide19Last West & US At 1900
Farmers Native AmericansAssimilationReactionsAfrican AmericansEconomics SegregationGeneral Working & Living ConditionsIn General…Women & ChildrenImmigrantsAdvertising
Key Terms
Dawes Act
Ghost Dance
Wounded Knee
Sharecropping
Crop-Lein
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Jim Crow
New Immigrants
Slide20Religious Movement: Ghost Dance
(1880s)All whites would die, dead Indians & buffalo would return to earth, if Indians:Wovoka
Lived together in peace
Abandoned “white” influences
Danced a particular dance…
Slide21Ghost Dance & Wounded Knee
Ghost Dance was outlawed among Sioux in South Dakota & tension increased on reservationWounded Knee Massacre (1890)About 300 Indians killed29 US Soldiers killed
Slide22The Bodies Of Indian Dead At Wounded Knee
Slide23Last West & US At 1900
Farmers Native AmericansAssimilationReactionsAfrican AmericansEconomics SegregationGeneral Working & Living ConditionsIn General…Women & ChildrenImmigrantsAdvertising
Key Terms
Dawes Act
Ghost Dance
Wounded Knee
Sharecropping
Crop-Lein
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Jim Crow
New Immigrants
Slide24Life
Expectancy of AmericansWhite Male2003: 75.31900: 46Black Male2003: 691900: 32Source:
CRS Report for Congress
http://aging.senate.gov/crs/aging1.pdf
ALL in US
2003: 77.5
1900: 49.2
Slide25Black Population (1880)
Slide26Economics: Sharecropping
Landowners subdivided plantations into 50 acre plotsSharecroppers handed over 50% of their crop as “rent”
Slide27The Barrow Plantation
(1860 & 1881) Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Slide28Economics: Crop-Lein
Merchants advanced sharecroppers supplies on creditItems: seed, tools, livestock, furniture, etc.Interest rates: often 50% or more
Slide29Results of Sharecropping & Crop-Lein
Created a cycle of indebtedness Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Store Owner’s Record Book of Sharecropper’s Debts
Slide30Literacy Rates
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Slide31Results of Sharecropping & Crop-Lein
Created a cycle of indebtedness Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
In 1900
75% of Southern blacks sharecropped
36% of Southern whites sharecropped
Store Owner’s Record Book of Sharecropper’s Debts
Slide32Southern Sharecropping (1880)
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Slide33Last West & US At 1900
Farmers Native AmericansAssimilationReactionsAfrican AmericansEconomics SegregationGeneral Working & Living ConditionsIn General…Women & ChildrenImmigrantsAdvertising
Key Terms
Dawes Act
Ghost Dance
Wounded Knee
Sharecropping
Crop-Lein
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Jim Crow
New Immigrants
Slide34Plessy vs. Ferguson
(1896)Separate facilities for different races were legal as long as they were equal in quality“Separate but equal” doctrine
Railroads in Louisiana were segregated by law
Slide35Jim Crow Laws
State and local laws that established legalized segregation all over the United States
Slide36White Supremacist Organizations
Mississippi Klansman (1871)
The White League
Ku Klux Klan Meeting
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Slide37Violence
Bennie Simmons was accused of killing a white girl (age 16).He was burned alive by a mob.No one was prosecuted for his murder.1913
Source: http://www.withoutsanctuary.org/main.html
Slide38Last West & US At 1900
Farmers Native AmericansAssimilationReactionsAfrican AmericansEconomics SegregationGeneral Working & Living ConditionsIn General…Women & ChildrenImmigrantsAdvertising
Key Terms
Dawes Act
Ghost Dance
Wounded Knee
Sharecropping
Crop-Lein
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Jim Crow
New Immigrants
Slide39US Industry (1900)
Slide40Skilled vs. Unskilled Wages (ca. 1870s)
Bricklayer (Skilled):$3.00/dayGeneral Laborer (Unskilled):$1.30/daySouthern Mill Worker (Unskilled):$.84/day
Manufacturing Iron
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Slide41Manufacturing Plants
Periodic layoffs were commonDangerous working conditionsCarnegie’s Mill in Homestead, PA
Slide42Living Conditions
Beds were “rented” for 8 hours
A bathroom in a typical tenement house
Slide43Living Conditions
City Dwellers (especially immigrants) lived in crowded Tenement Housing
Yard of a Tenement at Park Place
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Slide44Last West & US At 1900
Farmers Native AmericansAssimilationReactionsAfrican AmericansEconomics SegregationGeneral Working & Living ConditionsIn General…Women & ChildrenImmigrantsAdvertising
Key Terms
Dawes Act
Ghost Dance
Wounded Knee
Sharecropping
Crop-Lein
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Jim Crow
New Immigrants
Slide45US Labor Force
Child Laborers1900: almost 2 million children worked for wagesVery little supervision led to accidents
Slide46Child Labor At Cotton Mills
Slide47US Labor Force
Child Laborers1900: almost 2 million children worked for wagesVery little supervision led to accidentsFemale Workers1900: 17% of workforce was femaleEarned less money than male counterparts
Slide48Last West & US At 1900
Farmers Native AmericansAssimilationReactionsAfrican AmericansEconomics SegregationGeneral Working & Living ConditionsIn General…Women & ChildrenImmigrantsAdvertising
Key Terms
Dawes Act
Ghost Dance
Wounded Knee
Sharecropping
Crop-Lein
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Jim Crow
New Immigrants
Slide49Immigration Patterns
1840-1860: 4 million immigrants entered US1860-1890: 10 million immigrants entered US1890-1920: 18 million immigrants entered US“New Immigrants” from Eastern & Southern Europe
Slide50The Changing Face Of US Immigration
(1865-1920) Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Slide51Percentage of Foreign-born Whites and Native Whites of Foreign or Mixed Parentage in Total Population by Counties, 1910
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Slide52Violence
Two Italian immigrantsMurdered by a mob after being accused of union organizing & shooting a white man.1910
Slide53Ellis Is.
(Opened in 1892 to Process Immigrants)
Slide54Registry Room
(5,000 per day)
Slide55Do you have $25.00?
Seven second check-up
Slide56Last West & US At 1900
Farmers Native AmericansAssimilationReactionsAfrican AmericansEconomics SegregationGeneral Working & Living ConditionsIn General…Women & ChildrenImmigrantsAdvertising
Key Terms
Dawes Act
Ghost Dance
Wounded Knee
Sharecropping
Crop-Lein
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Jim Crow
New Immigrants
Slide57Advertisement
Slide58Lydia Pinkham’s Label
23% Alcohol
Slide59Sears Catalog
Used as a school textbook.
Slide60Kodak
“You press the button, we do the rest.”
Slide61Corn Flakes
(c. 1906)In 1910 they began putting prizes in boxes.
Slide62Baseball Cards
Slide63Last West & US At 1900
Farmers Native AmericansAssimilationReactionsAfrican AmericansEconomics SegregationGeneral Working & Living ConditionsIn General…Women & ChildrenImmigrantsAdvertising
Key Terms
Dawes Act
Ghost Dance
Wounded Knee
Sharecropping
Crop-Lein
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Jim Crow
New Immigrants
Slide64Homestead, PA
(Demonstrates Impact Of Industrialization)Site of a Steel Mill, just outside of PittsburghShifts: 7 days/week; 12 hours/dayShift change: one day off per monthDangerous working conditions
Carnegie’s Mill in Homestead, PA