Grade 7 Confucianism Confucius 551 479 BCE Born in the feudal state of Liu Became a teacher and editor of books Li gt Rite rules ritual decorum Binding ID: 794850
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Slide1
Chinese Philosophies & Ethical Codes
Grade 7
Slide2Confucianism
Slide3Confucius
551 – 479 B.C.E.
Born in the feudal
state of Liu.
Became a teacher
and editor of books.
Slide4Li
--> Rite, rules, ritual decorum (Binding
force of an enduring stable society)
Ren
--> humaneness, benevolence, humanity Shu --> Reciprocity, empathy Do not do unto others what you would not want others to do unto you. Yi --> Righteousness Xiao --> Filial Piety (Respect your elders!)
Major Confucian Principles
Slide51.
Ruler
Subject 2. Father Son
3. Husband
Wife
4.
Older
Brother
Younger
Brother
5. Older Friend
YoungerFriend
5 Principle Relationships
Slide6Explanation
A good ruler is benevolent, and the ruler's subjects are loyal. A father is loving to his son, and the son demonstrates reverence to his father. A husband should be good to his wife, and his wife should, in turn, be obedient. An older sibling should be gentle to younger siblings, and younger siblings should be respectful of their older siblings. Finally two friends should be considerate and respectful of each other.
Slide7Organizing Principles
Status
Age
Gender
Slide8Confucian Temple Complex
Slide9The Analects
The single most important Confucian
work.
In Chinese, it means “conversation.”
Focus on practicalities of interpersonal
relationships and the relationship of the role of rulers and ministers to the conduct of government.
Slide10Sayings from The Analects
Knowing what he knows and knowing what he
doesn’t know, is characteristics of the person
who knows.
Making a mistake and not correcting it, is
making another mistake.
The superior man blames himself; the inferior man blames others. To go too far is as wrong as to fall short.
Slide11Stones Engraved with Confucius' Life Stories
Slide12Confucius' Tomb
Slide13Mencius
372 - 289 B.C.E.
Disciple of Confucius.
Starts off with the assumption that “people
are basically good.”
If someone does something bad, education,
not punishment, is the answer. Good people will mend their ways in accordance to their inherent goodness.
Slide14Social Cohesion is Paramount!
The emperor is the example of
proper behavior --> “big daddy”
Social relationships are based on
“rites” or “rituals.”
Even religious rituals are
important for SOCIAL, not religious reasons, acc. to Confucius.
Slide15Legalism
Slide16Han Fei
280? - 233 B.C.E.
Han Fe Zi.
Lived during the
late Warring States
period. Legalism became the political philosophy of the Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty.
Slide171.
Human nature is naturally selfish.
2.
Intellectualism and literacy is
discouraged.
3. Law is the supreme authority and replaces morality. 4. The ruler must rule with a strong, punishing hand. 5. War is the means of strengthening a ruler’s power.Major Legalist Principles
Slide18One who favors the principle that individuals should obey a powerful authority rather than exercise individual freedom.
The
ruler
, therefore,
“cracks his whip”
on the backs of his subjects!Authoritarian
Slide19Daoism
or Taoism
Slide20Not sure when he
died.
[604 B.C.E. - ?]
His name means
“Old Master”
Was he Confucius’
teacher?Lao Zi [Lao-Tzu]
Slide21The Dao De Jing
The basic text of Daoism.
In Chinese, it means
The Classic in
the Way and Its Power
.
“Those who speak know nothing: Those who know are silent.” These words, I am told, Were spoken by Laozi. If we are to believe that Laozi, Was himself one who knew, How is it that he wrote a book,
Of five thousand words?
Slide221.
Dao [Tao]
is the first-cause of the
universe. It is a force that flows through
all life.
2. A believer’s goal is to become one with Dao; one with nature. [“The butterfly or the man?” story.] 3. Wu wei --> “Let nature take its course.” --> “The art of doing nothing.”
--> “Go with the flow!”
4.
Man is unhappy because he lives acc. to
man-made laws, customs, & traditions that
are contrary to the ways of nature.
Major Daoist Principles
Slide231.
Rejecting formal knowledge and
learning.
2.
Relying on the senses and instincts. 3. Discovering the nature and “rhythm” of the universe. 4. Ignoring political and social laws.The "Dao" [Tao] To escape the “social, political, & cultural traps” of life, one must escape by:
Slide24Taoism (Daoism) Continued…
Trust your instincts and gut
Reject hate and intolerance
Three jewels: compassion, moderation, and humility
Violence is a last resort
Stress, bad deeds, and sin will result in illnesses
Do
not lie, kill, steal but instead give charity, be kind, and helpful Involves meditation, feng shui, fortune telling, yoga, speaking to mountains and martial arts
Slide25Yin
Masculine
Active
Light
Warmth
Strong
Heaven; Sun Feminine Passive
Darkness
Cold
Weak
Earth;
Moon
The Universe of Opposites: Find the Balance!
Yang
Slide26Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) grew up in a wealthy family. He decided to follow a path of self-denial, but did not find truth until he sat down under a tree, now known as the
Bodi
tree. There he was "enlightened"
The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism:
1) existence is suffering, 2) the cause of suffering is craving and attachment, 3) suffering ceases at some point and turns to Nirvana (liberation or total bliss) and 4) there is a path to Nirvana which is made up of eight steps, sometimes called the Eightfold Path
.
Slide27Buddhism continued….
The Eightfold Path to Nirvana is to be "right" in all these areas: concentration, views, speech, resolve, action, livelihood, effort, and mindfulness.
Buddhists
believe in reincarnation and that one must stop the cycle of rebirth as a suffering, selfish individual, and must attain Nirvana, which is the highest point and the end of the self.
Karma is the belief that good deeds/behavior will be visited back on individuals as well as bad deeds/behavior. This is the basis for living a good, moral life.
Slide28Neo-Confucianism
Combination of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism both in personal and political views
Neo-Confucianism
is perhaps an expression of the tendency to seek “harmony” in all
things
Neo-Confucians
sought to uncover the “pattern” of all
things Focused on this world and the afterlife
Slide29The Uniqueness of Daoism
How is a man to live in a world dominated by chaos, suffering, and absurdity??
Confucianism
--> Moral order in society.
Legalism --> Rule by harsh law & order. Daoism --> Freedom for individuals and less govt. to avoid uniformity and conformity.Buddhism
Get rid of wants and desires and live a good moral life
Slide30What's Your Philosophy of Life?