PPT-Eukaryotic Gene Finding

BMICS 776 wwwbiostatwiscedubmi776 Spring 2018 Anthony Gitter gitterbiostatwiscedu These slides excluding thirdparty material are licensed under CC BYNC 40 by Mark Craven Colin Dewey and Anthony Gitter. for Biotechnology. Central Dogma. The direction of the . flow of genetic information. is from DNA to RNA to polypeptide.. DNA Replication. Initiation and Unwinding of DNA. DNA . gyrase. . (. topoisomerase. 2. Terminology . Genome. – entire genetic material of an individual. Transcriptome. – set of transcribed sequences. Proteome. – set of proteins encoded by the genome. . Gene. * Basic . physical and functional units of heredity.. Teachable Unit. Gene Expression Team. NANSI 2013, University of Minnesota. Participants: Michael Burns, Lucy He, David Kirkpatrick, Bridget Lear, Tamar Resnick, Turk Rhen. Facilitators: Judy Ridgway, Sue Wick. Structure dictates function . Prokaryotic transcription is simpler. DNA exists in one chromosome . Less non-coding sequence. RNA polymerase binds the promoter directly. Genes are clustered into functional groups called operons. 1. Recombinant DNA . molecules are formed when segments of DNA from two different sources—often different species—are combined . in vitro. . . DNA . Technology . is the term. . for analyzing genes and gene expression. . Gene Expression. Gene Expression. Transcription. Splicing. Polyadenylation. mRNA Stability. Translation. Protein Stability. Controls on Protein Levels. Transcription Control - Prokaryotic Promoter. Transcription Control - Prokaryotic Promoter. Central Dogma. The direction of the . flow of genetic information. is from DNA to RNA to polypeptide.. DNA Replication. Initiation and Unwinding of DNA. DNA . gyrase. . (. topoisomerase. ) unwinds the DNA coil.. . Essam. Replication of DNA in eukaryotic cells. The essential steps of replication are the same as in prokaryotes. Starting replication is more complex in eukaryotes. At the origin of replication, a pre-replication complex is made with other initiator proteins. Other proteins are then recruited to start the replication process. The overall process is the same, although differently named enzymes fulfill the same function. The first important difference is in the polymerases. So far, 15 kinds of polymerases were isolated from the eukaryotic cells. Amongst the most important are. Lecture 3. Gene Finding and Sequence Annotation. Objectives of this lecture. Introduce you to basic concepts and approaches of gene finding. Show you differences between gene prediction for prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. BMI/CS 776 . www.biostat.wisc.edu/bmi776/. Spring 2020. Daifeng. Wang. daifeng.wang@wisc.edu. These slides, excluding third-party material, are licensed . under . CC BY-NC 4.0. by Mark . Craven, Colin Dewey, Anthony . Edward . Marcotte. , . Univ. of Texas at Austin. Lots of genes in every genome. Nature Reviews Genetics . 13:329-342 (2012). Do humans really have the biggest genomes?. Genome . size . ranges vary widely across organisms. HMM ‘fair-coin’ example. October 09. E. F. (H)=0.5. E. L. (H)=0.1. 0.6. 0.6. 0.4. 0.4. 1. H H T T T is the observed sequence. October 09. E. F. (H)=0.5. E. L. (H)=0.1. 0.6. 0.6. 0.4. 0.4. 0. 1. 0.6. A single guiding RNA (sgRNA; . a fusion of . tracrRNA. and crRNA. ) . binds CAS9 protein at one end, the other end guides CAS9 to target DNA sequence based on complementarity. . Gene for the CAS9 protein, encodes endonuclease, cuts both strands of the target sequence. Biology / Bioinformatics . . Edward . Marcotte. , . Univ. of Texas at Austin. Lots of genes in every genome. Nature Reviews Genetics . 13:329-342 (2012). Do humans really have the biggest genomes?.