By Randy, Kelvin, David, Andrew, Annie - PowerPoint Presentation

By Randy, Kelvin, David, Andrew, Annie Music History

What is Music ? an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner . the sounds produced by singers or musical instruments.

One True Definition of Music !“music is universal and yet it is also relative and subjective .”

Music is the singing of the birds ….

the whistling of a boy as he’s walking ….

the beautiful sounds a pianist produces as he touches the keys of a piano.

Origin of Music (History) S ix periods of music Each period has a particular style of music that greatly contributed to what music is today

Origin of Music (History)

StructureMusic Timeline Introduction Music Forms and Styles Musical Instruments

Medieval Ages Music Timeline ( 500-1400) Pic Credit - Replica of the helmet found at  Sutton Hoo , in the burial of an  Anglo-Saxon  leader, probably  a king , about 620 in the  Early Middle Ages [1]

Medieval Music Timeline musical notation began as well as the birth of polyphony Early music notation

Monophonic and Polyphonic Remarkable continuity : categorized into monophoni c and polyphonic styles monophonic means one note at a time while polyphonic two or more different notes at the same time .

Plainchant (Plain Song) a form of medieval church music that involves chanting Emerged around 100 A.D Only type of music allowed in Christian churches early on it was believed that music should make a listener receptive to spiritual thoughts and reflections

The  Introit, scripted in “ neumes ”  in the 14th—15th century 

Gregorian Chant

The Beginning of Polyphony a characteristic of Western music based on plainchant improvising with parallel melodies, with emphasis on fourth (ex. C to F) and fifth (ex. C to G) intervals

the start of polyphony wherein several musical lines were combined

As singers continued experimenting with melodies, polyphony became more elaborate and complex

The Lute is shaped like a pear a short neck, a sound hole carved with a rose pattern strings that varied in numbers early lute is the peg box which was angled back

RenaissanceMusic Timeline ( 1400-1600) Renaissance or "rebirth," a period of significant changes in history, including music

Humanism in Music A new philosophy called “humanism” developed in Italy It emphasized that life should be viewed as a preparation for death

Dutch composers and musicians were arranged to teach and perform in Italian courts the invention of printing helped spread these new ideas

Instrumental MusicBy the second half of the 1500s instrumental music began to take shape The lute was widely used at that time eventually mixed instruments were used

Mix instruments are played

Renaissance Musical InstrumentsThe Shawm The Dulcian The Trumpet

The shawm has a conical bore, only wider It has 7 to 8 finger holes at the end of the bore is a large bell was mostly used in outdoor ceremonial events

Dulcian The dulcian is a predecessor of the  shawm A precursor of the  bassoon D ulcians are easier to transport than the shawm due to its smaller size Dulcians produce sound that is less piercing than the shawm

Trumpet The most commonly used is the B flat trumpet There is also the C, D, E flat and piccolo trumpet

Baroque Music Timeline (1600-1760) "baroque" comes from the Italian word " barocco " which means bizarre (very strange)

Baroquea time when composers experimented with form, styles and instruments. the development of opera and instrumental music The violin was also considered an important musical instrument during this time

Venice and the OperaIn 1573, a group of musicians and intellectuals came together to discuss various subjects This group of individuals are known as the “Florentine Camerata ”,

The composer Claduio Monteverdi  was an important contributor, specifically his opera ” Orfeo ” ; the first opera to gain public welcome

Different singing styles where developed for the opera recitative  - imitating the pattern and rhythm of speech aria  - when a character expresses feelings through a flowing melody bel canto  - Italian for "beautiful singing" castrato  - During the Baroque period, young boys were castrated before they reached puberty to avoid the deepening of voice. Main roles of the opera were written for the castrato.

In Europe, the earliest four stringed violin was used in the first part of the century fairly easy to start learning mostly suitable for children 6 years and older Violin

Viola The first violas are believed to have been made in the 15th century During the 18th century, it was used to play the part of the cello. an important member of a string ensemble. It is tuned a fifth lower than the violin It’s functions as the tenor instrument in a string ensemble . the viola has become an integral part of every string ensemble

Double Bass The double bass isn't as popular as other string instruments but is essential in most kinds of ensemble especially jazz bands. In 1516 there was an illustration closely resembling that of a double bass. It is like a huge cello and is played the same way By rubbing the bow across the strings Striking the strings

The Harp It is surprisingly easy to start Not a lot of people play the harp Even finding a teacher may be difficult. One of the most beautiful sounding instruments

How to Play: The musician blows air into a thin, tapered double reed and cover or uncover the holes. Oboe

Classical Music Timeline (1730-1820) is characterized by simpler melodies such as the sonatas. The primary instrument is Piano

Style Galant a simple yet more direct style of music. Middle class also appreciate less complicated and easy to understand

Sentimental StyleThis style was adapted by composers reflected feelings and situations experienced in daily life New music styles of Classical period It had simpler harmony and clearer tonality

PianoBartolomeo Cristofori created around 1709 in Florence. Changes in his early invention became the basic of the modern piano. very popular in the mid-18th century

Romantic Music Timeline (1815-1910) is characterized by using music to tell a story or express an idea the use of various instruments including wind instruments

Beethoven and RomanticismOne of his most popular works is the  Ninth Symphony He influenced a new crop of young composers guided by the ideals of Romanticism. Wrote choral,  chamber music and  opera. studied under Haydn, was also influenced by the works of  Mozart began to lose his hearing at age 28, losing it completely by age 50.

What is Romanticism? a concept that included different art mediums; from music to painting to literature . During the 19th century, Vienna and Paris were the centers of musical activity

Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog , by Caspar David Friedrich is an example of Romantic painting. believed in allowing their imagination and passion different from the Classical belief of logical order and clarity What is Romanticism ?

The Flute

The Saxophone

The Tuba

20th Century Music Timeline (1900-2000) brought about many innovations on how music was performed and appreciated used technology to enhance compositions

20th Century Music is defined by the sudden emergence of advanced technology no longer limited to concerts, opera-houses, clubs, and domestic music-making

Rock and rolloften written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s combination of African American blues , country , jazz and gospel music.

Either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument generally replaced by guitar in the middle to late 1950s now more commonly called simply "rock music" or "rock".

Hip Hop Music also called rap music consisting of a stylized rhythmic music commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted

four key stylistic elements: rapping , scratching , breaking and graffiti writing

Music has changed the world ? When some people get sad, they often start listening to music, which then calms them down If it wasn't for music, then this world would've been insane

References Music Education : http://musiced.about.com / Medieval : http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_music Renaissance : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_music Baroque : http :// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque_music Classical : http ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_period_(music ) Romantic : http :// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_music 20 th Century : http :// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th-century_classical_music

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