Chlamydia, Rubella and CMV - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Chlamydia, Rubella and CMV (ELISA)Slide2

Abortion

Defined as delivery occurring before the

28

th

completed week of gestation

Fetus weighing less than

500g

Early abortion and late abortion

15% of clinically evident pregnancies

80% of abortions prior to 12 weeks’ gestationSlide3

Etiology

Infection

Exposure to high levels of

radiation

or

toxic agents

Hormonal problems

, Thyroid disease.

Uterine

abnormalities

, Incompetent cervix.

Disorders

of the immune system, including lupus

Some Diseases:

Severe kidney disease

,

Congenital heart disease

,

Diabetes

that is not controlled

Certain medications, such as the acne drug

Accutane

Severe

malnutritionSlide4

Infections

Maternal infection with a large number of different organisms has been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage.

Fetal or placental infection by the offending organism then leads to pregnancy loss.

Examples of infections that have been associated with miscarriage include infections by

Listeria

monocytogenes

,

TORCH

(

Toxoplasma

gondii

, rubella, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus)

parvovirus B19

,, and

lymphocytic

choriomeningitis

virus.Slide5

ChlamydiaSlide6

Classification

Confusion occurred by the discovery of Chlamydia as it was classified as both bacteria and virus:

It is classified as virus for its:

Basophilic staining

in the host cell to form the

elementary bodies

, which are small, dense and about 0.3µ in diameter.

Intracellular micro-organism, they can’t synthesized ATP, but use the host cell for this purpose.Slide7

It differs from viruses by:

They have both DNA and RNA.

Have their self-metabolic system.

They are able to grow and multiply.

They are surrounded by a cell membrane.

Response to antibiotic thereby.Slide8

Species of chlamydia:

C.

psittaci

,

cause psittacosis

.

C.

lymphogranulomatis

,

cause

lymphgranuloma

venerum

.

C.

trachomatis

,

cause

conjunctival

and cornea disease. ( Trachoma )

C.

occulogenitalis

,

cause conjunctivitis.Slide9

Psittacosis:

Is a respiratory disease of man acquired from contact with infected birds, which excretes the organism in the stool.

It causes infection in the upper respiratory system and also pneumonia.Slide10

Laboratory diagnosis:

Sputum and blood test ( smear to show elementary bodies ).

Virus isolation: as the virus can be isolated by inoculation of the yolk sac, by the

intracerebral

intranasal or

intraperitoneal

injection into mice.

Serological tests:

Complement fixation.

Agglutination test.

Neutralization test.

ELISASlide11

Lymphgranuloma venerum:

Is a venereal disease characterized by:

Enlargement of the regional lymph nodes, tend to form sinuses.

Infect the urethral parts and cause

urethritis

and is accompanied by systemic symptom of an infection.

 Slide12

Laboratory diagnosis:

Smears ( biopsy from the infected lymph node ) , pus cells can be seen from infected lymph nodes and stain ( elementary bodies ).

Culture: is not useful as it will give neg. results and resist all antibiotics.Slide13

Trachoma:

Grows in the

conjunctival

and cornea cells to cause

kerato-conjuctivitis

.

Laboratory diagnosis:

Smear.

ELISA. Slide14

RubellaSlide15

Rubella is a rather mild disease spread by the way of respiratory secretion.

Cause

German measles

, there symptom is:

Firstly catarrhal symptoms and mild fever.

Irregular rash.

There incubation period is 3 – 4 weeks.

The tragic aspect of Rubella may become evident of infection occurs during pregnancy.

The virus can cross the placental wall and infect the virus, this may lead to fetal death or congenital defect which may be:

Hearing loss.

Mental retardation.Slide16

Laboratory diagnosis:

Complement fixation.

Neutralization test.

Heme

immune agglutination (HIA).

Heme

agglutination inhibition (HAI).

ELISA, IgM and IgG.Slide17

Cytomegalo virusSlide18

CMV is called salivary gland virus which may infects salivary glands or parotid glands.

An increase number of infections with this virus have reported in adults with

neoplastic

disease, leukemia, or tissue transplantation.

We can isolate this virus from all body fluids Slide19

Laboratory diagnosis:

Histopatholgical

studies, this virus leads to the formation of certain inclusion in the infected cells.

Virus isolation.

ELISA.Slide20

Notice:

when we measure IgG, it rarely negative and often positive, so we determine the titer, suppose it is 300 IU/ml, after 2-3 weeks we make follow up and do the CMV again, if:

The titer in the same level it is negative.

The titer is high, it is positive.Slide21

Herpes simplex virusSlide22

 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known as human herpesvirus 1 and 2 (HHV-1 and HHV-2),

HSV-1 and -2 are transmitted by contact with an infected area of the skin 

,

sexual

transmissions.

neurotropic and

neuroinvasive

viruses, HSV-1 and -2 persist in the body by becoming latent and hiding from the immune system in the cell bodies of neurons

.

Treatment

 acyclovirSlide23

Laboratory diagnosis:

Virus isolation.

ELISA.