and Cooling 1 Coordinator Karel Kabele kabelefsvcvutcz CTU in Prague Contributors Eric Willems Erwin Roijen Peter Op t Veld POpTVeldchrinl Camilla Brunsgaard ID: 248345
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Heating and Cooling
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Coordinator:
Karel Kabele,
kabele@fsv.cvut.cz, CTU in Prague Contributors:Eric Willems, Erwin Roijen, Peter Op 't Veld, P.OpTVeld@chri.nlCamilla Brunsgaard, cbru@create.aau.dk & Mary-Ann Knudstrup, mak@create.aau.dk, Aalborg University, Per Kvols Heiselberg, ph@civil.aau.dk, Tine S. Larsen, Olena K. Larsen, Rasmus Lund Jensen (AAU)Arturas Kaklauskas, Arturas.kaklauskas@st.vgtu.lt, Audrius Banaitis, Audrius.banaitis@vgtu.lt , Vilnius Geniminas Technical University (VGTU) Marco Perino, marco.perino@polito.it, Gianvi Fracastoro, Stefano Corgnati, Valentina Serra (POLITO)Werner Stutterecker, werner.stutterecker@fh-burgenland.at, (FH-B)Mattheos Santamouris, msantam@phys.uoa.gr, Margarita Asimakopoulos, Marina Laskari, marlaskari@googlemail.com, (NKUA)Zoltan Magyar, zmagyar@invitel.hu, Mihaly Baumann, Aniko Vigh, idesedu.pte@gmail.com (PTE)Manuela Almeida, malmeida@civil.uminho.pt, Sandra Silva, sms@civil.uminho.pt , Ricardo Mateus, ricardomateus@civil.uminho.pt, University of Minho (UMINHO) Piotr Bartkiewicz, piotr.bartkiewicz@is.pw.edu.pl, Piotr Narowski, piotr.narowski@is.pw.edu.pl (WUT)Matthias Haase, matthias.Haase@sintef.no, (NTNU)Karel Kabele, kabele@fsv.cvut.cz, Pavla Dvořáková, pavla.dvorakova@fsv.cvut.cz, (CTU – FCE)
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LECTURE 3
Active
Space heating and cooling3Slide4
Heat emitters (radiators, convectors, tubular, radiant heating (stripes, panels), dark and light infrared radiant pipes, stoves).
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Heating equipment
Heat source - heat transfer medium - heat emitter
Classification of the systemslocalfloorcentraldistrict5Slide6
Heat emitters
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Convectors
7
NaturalFan-convectorsFloorWall Slide8
Radiators
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9
Control limits
Panel radiatorPSteel radiatorS
today
Heat insulation (old buildings)
Heat insulation standard 1995 (new buildings)
Heat insulation Standard 2000
Water content
radiator
Large mass
= heating unresponsive
low mass = responsive heating
G
radiator G
Mass = storage
Responsive heating
c
ontrol important
t
o make use of
s
olar
gainsSlide10
10
* radiator
temperature, 200C room temperatureRadiation share
Convection share
Single panel radiator, without convector
Radiator (modular
)
Double panel radiator, with three convectors
Finned tube convector
Thermal outputSlide11
Off-peak storage
Static
DynamicConvectorRadiator 11Slide12
12
Air flow patterns
prof.Ing.Karel Kabele,CSc.Slide13
Radiant panels
Low temperature
heaters max 110 °C (water, steam, el.power)High temperature dark - about 350°C - radiant tube heating system (gas)light - about 800 °C - flameless surface gas combustion13Slide14
Heat emitters
Design principles
Heating outputLocationCovering - furnitureConnection to the pipe systemType14Slide15
Heat
emitters designCovering = changes in the output15100%87%
110%
95%
100%
100%
90%
85%
Connection to the piping systemSlide16
SPACE HEATING AND COOLING
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Low-temperature radiant heating
High-temperature radiant cooling
Underfloor, wall and/or ceiling heating/coolingEmbeded surfacesTABSSnowmelt systems17Slide18
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Low - temperature radiant heating
floor, wall and/or ceiling with embedded pipes or el.wires in concrete slabTemperature distribution125BEE1_2008/2009prof.Ing.Karel Kabele,CSc.
Ideal temperature
Radiators
Underfloor heating
Ideal temperature
Underfloor heating
RadiatorsSlide19
R
adiant heating
/coolingOutput Limited surface temperature limited output cca 100 W.m-2 Energy savings Lower air temperature lower heat lossesControlLow temperature difference autocontrol effect19Slide20
Underfloor heating
History20Slide21
Low
/high
- temperature radiant heating/coolingFloor structure21Insulating strip between wall and flooringFinished flooring
Concrete slab min 65mm
Thermal insulation
20-80mm
Pipes
Humidity seal
Reinforcement
Supporting floor structureSlide22
Underfloor heating - structure
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TYP A
TYP B
TYP CSlide23
Low - temperature
radiant heating
Technical solutionPipe layout23Slide24
Underfloor heating - examples
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Wall
heating
Embedded pipes - inner wall sideHigher surface temperature on both sidesFurniture layout Rooms with given use of space: swimming pools, entrance areas, corridors not possible or desirable to use conventional heating surfaces: prisons, hospitals,…Possibility to use the system for cooling 25Slide26
Wall heating
- Design
processdetermination of the areas, applicable to this type of heating;determine the desired maximum surface temperature;calculate the heat loss room analogy for underfloor heating without losing the wall with wall heating;verification of the achievable performance of surfaces and temperaturecompared to heat loss, or draft supplementary heating surfaces.select the type of wall heating, wet or dry system, pipe or capillaries;design spacing and temperature parameters of heat transfer fluid;hydraulic calculation.26Slide27
Wall
heating
- temperaturesFrom the point of thermal comfort it is like radiators heatingMaximum surface temperature 35 - 50 °C according to local conditions.For surface temperatures above 42 ° C can be painful contact.size of losses to the outside, impact on the neighboring roomSome manufacturers recommend and design system for the surface temperature of 35 ° C27Slide28
Technical
solutionA – pipes diameter 10-14 mmWetDryB – capillary mats Pipes diameter 6 mm , rozteč 30-50 mmWet28Slide29
With or without phase change material
Cooling capacity can limit the use of system
Control of room conditions? Thermally Activated Building Structures (TABS)29Slide30
Thermal
activation of building structure (TABS)- National technical library (Prague)30foto: Václav Nývlt, Technet.czSlide31
Special
case
HEATING OF THE BASEMENT OF ICE SURFACE31Slide32
Realization
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„Floor“
structureIce 50 mmConcrete 240 mmCooling -16/-12°C; 160 W/m2EPS 250 mmConcrete 250 mm33Slide34
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„Floor“
structure with heating systemIce 50 mmConcrete 240 mmCooling -16/-12°C160 W/m2EPS 250 mmConcrete 250 mmHeating 10/8 °C; cca 10 W/m235Slide36
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Heating of outdoor surfaces
Snowmelt
systemPipe spacing 15-50cmTemperature 50-80°CUse of antifreezeThermal output according to the amout of snow and outdoor temperature Large thermal inertiaMechanical resistance37Slide38
Air heating/cooling systems – circulating, ventilating.
Integration of heating/cooling systems.
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