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Lesson 10.2 : The Louisiana Purchase and Exploration Lesson 10.2 : The Louisiana Purchase and Exploration

Lesson 10.2 : The Louisiana Purchase and Exploration - PowerPoint Presentation

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Lesson 10.2 : The Louisiana Purchase and Exploration - PPT Presentation

Todays Essential Question What was the importance of the purchase and exploration of the Louisiana Territory Vocabulary surplus more than what is needed or used nomadic moving from place to place without a permanent home ID: 752458

orleans louisiana expedition napoleon louisiana orleans napoleon expedition river territory clark lewis pacific france question check americans mountains spain

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Slide1

Lesson 10.2

: The Louisiana Purchase and Exploration

Today’s Essential Question: What was the importance of the

purchase

and exploration of

the Louisiana

Territory?Slide2

Vocabulary surplus – more than what is needed or usednomadic – moving from place to place, without a permanent home

expedition – a journey of explorationheadwaters – where a river beginsSlide3

Check for UnderstandingWhat is today’s essential question?

What do some people do with their surplus clothing?What are some people or animals that might be described as nomadic?

What is an expedition that you would like to be part of?

Which direction would you go to find any river’s headwaters?Slide4

What We Already Know

Thomas Jefferson wanted America to remain a nation of small towns and independent farmers.Slide5

What We Already Know

Even before the war for independence, Americans were eager to move west into new lands.Slide6

What We Already Know

For years, Western farmers had depended on access to the port at New Orleans to get their surplus produce to eastern markets.Slide7

As Americans moved west, they entered three distinct geographic regions.Slide8

Trans-AppalachiaWooded; rolling hills and flatlandsWell-watered

Humid summers, cold wintersSettlers by the thousands moving in, displacing the Native AmericansSlide9

The Great PlainsFlat, rolling plains

Rocky MountainsGreat Basin (desert)Treeless; few riversHot, dry summers; bitterly cold winters

France and Spain

Nomadic Plains Indians (horse culture)

Non-migratory Indians in the SouthwestSlide10

The Pacific CoastMild weather; rainy in the Northwest, dry in the SouthwestSierra Mountains, Cascades, Coast Ranges, Central Valley

Many natural harborsSpain, Russia, Britain, the United States in competitionMany Indian groups of various culturesSlide11

The West in 1800

In the 1800s, thousands of settlers moved westward across the Appalachian Mountains.

Kentucky and Tennessee had become states by 1800.Slide12

The West in 1800

France and Spain were negotiating for ownership of the Louisiana Territory – the vast region between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. Slide13

The West in 1800Along the Pacific coast, Spain, Russia, Great Britain, and the United States were establishing settlements.Slide14

The West in 1800

As the number of westerners grew, so did their political power.

An important issue for many settlers was the use of the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans.

Westerners used the river and port to send their goods to east coast markets

.Slide15

Check for Understanding

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

A ask B: What city was most important for many westerners in the early 1800s?Slide16

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide17

6. Why was New Orleans important to Americans?

It was surrounded by mountain ranges that made it easy to defend in times of war.

It was a port city for farmers and merchants living in the Ohio Valley.

It guarded the entrance to the Mississippi River.

It was the banking and manufacturing center of the nation.Slide18

Napoleon and New Orleans

After losing the French and Indian War in 1763, France turned Louisiana over to Spain.

In 1800, Spain secretly agreed to return the Louisiana Territory, including New Orleans, to France.Slide19

Napoleon and New Orleans

Just before turning the colony over to France, Spain closed New Orleans to U.S. ships, in violation of the Pinckney treaty.

Angry Westerners called for war against Spain and France.

To avoid war, Jefferson offered to buy the port of New Orleans from France for $2 million.

France offered to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million.Slide20

Napoleon and New OrleansNapoleon had several reasons for selling the land.

The first reason had to do with a profitable French colony in the Caribbean called Santo Domingo.Slide21

Napoleon and New Orleans

All the land on Santo Domingo was used for growing sugar, so food had to be grown elsewhere.

Napoleon planned to use land in the Louisiana Territory for farms to feed the slaves in Santo Domingo.Slide22

Napoleon and New OrleansIn 1801, a slave named Toussaint L’Ouverture led a violent slave uprising against the French colonists.Slide23

Napoleon and New Orleans

Though Napoleon sent in French troops, they were unable to put down the revolt.

Without a profitable slave colony to feed, Louisiana was of no use to Napoleon.Slide24

Check for Understanding

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

B ask A: Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture?Slide25

Napoleon and New Orleans

Napoleon also was involved in a costly war with Britain.

He decided he needed money more than he needed Louisiana.Slide26

Napoleon and New Orleans

Napoleon also feared he might lose New Orleans to the aggressive Americans.

It would be better to sell it than have it be over-run by American settlers.Slide27

Check for Understanding

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

A ask B:

Why was Napoleon willing to sell Louisiana to the United States?Slide28

Jefferson and Louisiana

New Orleans as an outlet for shipping the products of Western farmers

More land for farming, which was consistent with his vision for America’s future

Access to the Pacific and trade with AsiaSlide29

The Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson’s dilemma: strict construction of the Constitution or the greatest land deal of all time.

On April 30, 1803, the Louisiana Purchase treaty was approved by the Senate, giving the United States the port of New Orleans and doubling the size of the country.Slide30

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide31

7. Why did Jefferson question his right to buy the Louisiana Territory?

Three other nations had legal claims to the region.

The Constitution said nothing about a president's right to buy land.

He had been elected but had not yet taken the oath of office.

To do so would put the nation in debt.Slide32

Lewis and Clark Explore

After purchasing the Louisiana Territory from France, Jefferson planned an expedition to explore it.

He chose Captain Meriwether Lewis to lead the expedition.

Lewis chose his old friend Lieutenant William Clark to put together a volunteer force for the trip.

Clark was skilled as a mapmaker and outdoorsman.

The expedition called itself the Corps of Discovery.Slide33

Lewis and Clark ExploreLewis and Clark spent several weeks gathering a group of volunteers.They stayed in the town of St. Louis throughout the winter.

In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and headed up the Missouri River.Slide34

Lewis and Clark ExploreClark was accompanied by York, his African-American slave.

York’s hunting skills won him many admirers among the Native Americans met by the explorers. The first black man that many Indians had ever seen, York became something of a celebrity among them.Slide35

Up the Missouri River

In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and headed up the Missouri River.

Jefferson

had given

their mission three goals:

1. use

the Missouri and Columbia Rivers to find a water route across the country;

2. establish

good relations with Native Americans along the way;

3. and

write scientific accounts of the landscapes, plants, and animals they saw.Slide36

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide37

8. What were the three goals of the Corps of Discovery?

Find a water route to the Pacific Coast using the Missouri and Columbia Rivers.

Establish friendly relations with the Indians.

Scout out locations for future American military bases.

Gather geographic and scientific information.

Defeat and drive out any hostile Indians that might threaten future settlers.

Be sure to choose three!Slide38

Up the Missouri River

By winter, the explorers had reached North Dakota, and stayed with the Mandan Indians.

In the spring of 1805, the expedition set out again accompanied by Sacagawea, a Shoshone Indian woman.

Her language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clark.Slide39

On to the Pacific Ocean

As the explorers traveled toward the Rocky Mountains, Sacagawea pointed out Shoshone lands.

When they finally made contact with the chief, he recognized Sacagawea as his sister.

With the help of the Shoshone, the Corps of Discovery crossed the Rocky Mountains. Slide40

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide41

9. How did Sacagawea help Lewis and Clark?

She served as their guide, because she knew a safe route to the Pacific Coast.

She had great knowledge of the local geography and of several language skills.

She helped them escape execution at the hands of a warlike Indian group known as the Mandans.

She helped them find a way back to the Missouri River on their journey home.Slide42

On to the Pacific Ocean

After leaving the Shoshone, the Corps of Discovery then journeyed to the Columbia River, which led them to the Pacific Ocean in 1805.

They spent a long, rain-soaked winter

there before

starting back to St. Louis the next spring.Slide43

On to the Pacific Ocean

In 1806, the explorers returned to the East.

They brought back valuable scientific and geographic information.Slide44

Check for Understanding

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

B ask A: What information did the Lewis and Clark expedition bring back?

The Lewis and Clark expedition brought back a wealth of scientific and geographic information.Slide45

Pike’s Expedition

In 1806, Zebulon Pike left St. Louis to explore southern areas of Louisiana.

Pike’s mission was to find the headwaters of the Arkansas and Red Rivers near Spanish territory.

Pike’s party followed the Arkansas River toward the Rocky Mountains, then turned south. Slide46

Pike’s Expedition

Hoping to run into the Red River, they instead ran into the Rio Grande, in Spanish territory.

They were arrested by Spanish troops and held prisoner until 1807.

They returned with important descriptions of the Great Plains and the valley of the Rio Grande

.Slide47

Check for Understanding

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

A ask B: Who was Zebulon Pike?

Zebulon Pike was an Army officer who led an expedition into the southern part of the Louisiana Territory.Slide48

Check for Understanding

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

B ask A: What information did Pike’s expedition bring back?

Pike’s expedition

brought back

important descriptions of the Great Plains and the valley of the Rio Grande.