Avian Euthanasia Adapted from the FAD PReP NAHEMS Guidelines Mass Depopulation and Euthanasia 2015 Euthanasia Transitioning painlessly and stressfree as possible Mass Depopulation Large numbers quickly and efficiently ID: 673215
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Slide1
Mass Depopulation & Euthanasia
Avian Euthanasia
Adapted from the FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS
Guidelines: Mass Depopulation and Euthanasia (2015)Slide2
EuthanasiaTransitioning painlessly and stress-free as possibleMass DepopulationLarge numbers, quickly and efficientlyConsideration to welfare as practicable
Terms used interchangeably here
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Euthanasia and DepopulationSlide3
May be practiced during an animal health emergencyGoals of Euthanasia Provide humane treatment
Select acceptable method
Minimize negative
emotional impact
Safeguard food chain
Prevent or mitigate disease spread
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Euthanasia and DepopulationSlide4
Goal: Humane reatment
Decrease
animal
stress, excitement
Competent, trained and experienced personnel
Restrain without undueinjury or pain
Handle animals quietly
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Handling
USDA APHIS and CFSPHSlide5
Acceptable (noninhalant)Conditionally acceptableAdjunct“Other”
Consider disease agentwhen choosing method
Zoonotic potential
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Euthanasia MethodsSlide6
Injectable barbituates Barbituate derivates
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Noninhalant
InjectablesSlide7
Conditionally acceptableCarbon dioxideCarbon monoxideNitrogenArgon
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
InhalantSlide8
Conditionally acceptableCervical dislocationDecapitationElectrocutionGunshotPercussive stunning/Captive bolt
Manually applied blunt force trauma
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Physical MethodsSlide9
For mass/emergency depopulationWater-based foam for land-based poultry and waterfowlVentilation shut down
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Additional Methods Slide10
Potassium chloride or magnesium sulfate IV or Intracardiac Exsanguination (consider biosecurity)Bird MUST be unconscious
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Adjunct MethodsSlide11
Small number
of birds, companion birdsIntraperitoneal injectionNonirritating euthanasia agent
Restrain with Ketamine hydrochloride, if necessary
Death is prolonged when compared to intravenous methods
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Injectable Chemical AgentsSlide12
CO2– used extensively
Heavier than air, will remain near floor Nitrogen, argon
Specific gravity similar to air
Does not sinkMust be used in a completely closed system
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Types of Gaseous AgentsSlide13
Should only be performed by well-trained individuals
Only practical if:Small birds
S
mall number to be euthanized
Tissues collection
When learning technique, sedate or anesthetize birds first
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Physical- Cervical
DislocationSlide14
Not recommended in mass depopulation situations
Risk of disease spreadOffensive
Stressful to birds and responders
Inefficient
Welfare concerns
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Physical- DecapitationSlide15
Cash Poultry Killer (CPK)Chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese
Cartridge-powered New cartridge for each use
May overheat with continuous use
Air-powered
Intended for production slaughter
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Physical- Percussive
StunningSlide16
Successfully used with poultryMobile electrical water bath
systemsO
n-farm stunning, euthanasia
Sufficient to kill without need for adjunct method
Requires individual
handling and leg-shackling necessaryNo
existing electrocution mass depopulation systems in the U.S.
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Physical- ElectrocutionSlide17
Acceptable for small number of feral/wild birds that cannot be moved, trappedUse appropriate
shot sizeA
cceptable
for large
birds or ratites
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Physical- GunshotSlide18
Advantages:Decreased
laborLittle/no bird handlingDecreases dust
Disadvantages:
Water supply
Birds must be on floor
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Water-Based
F
oamSlide19
Confirmation of death can be difficultSustained lack of heartbeat and respirationRigor mortisEvaluate by competent, experienced personnel
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Confirmation of DeathSlide20
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Mass Depopulation and Euthanasia (MDE) (2015)http://
www.aphis.usda.gov/fadprepMDE web-based training modulehttp://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
For More InformationSlide21
Authors (CFSPH):
Reneé
Dewell
DVM,MS
Nichollette
Rider, Veterinary Student
Significant contributions to the content were provided
by
USDA
APHIS VS:Lori P. Miller, PE
Darrel
K. Styles, DVM, PhD
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian
Guidelines ContentSlide22
Acknowledgments
Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary
Services
PPT Authors: Dawn Bailey, BS; Kerry
Leedom
Larson, DVM,
MPH, PhD, DACVPM
Reviewers:
Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH,
DACVPM: Cheryl L. Eia, JD, DVM, MPH, Patricia
Futoma
, BS,
Veterinary Student,
Reneé
Dewell
DVM,MS