Barb needed a ride home A direct question is followed by a question mark Did you drive her home An exclamation point follows an exclamation What an exciting game that was Did you know that Teresa is moving ID: 759194
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Slide1
Punctuation
Slide2End Marks
A statement is followed by a period.
Barb needed a ride home.
A direct question is followed by a question mark.
Did you drive her home?
An exclamation point follows an exclamation.
What an exciting game that was!
Slide3Did you know that Teresa is moving
Yikes A rattlesnake
Alexander the Great was born more than two thousand years ago
I read an article about chuckwallas
Wow Great shot
Can you tell me the way to Prater Park
Generally, the green chili is spicier than the red
St. Stephen’s Cathedral is certainly a beautiful sight
Did you know that Paul McCartney is actual Sir Paul
Gloria wakes up early every day to go for a walk
Irene asked whether the student named most likely to succeed was Phil Assad
Will you be able to meet us at the Bristol Hotel
The master of ceremonies was Joel Bourgeois
The author Laura Ingalls Wilder was born in Wisconsin
When did the Harts move to San Marcos
Have you ever heard the music of Theseus
Flatow
Ask Tonya whether Kennedy is one of her favorite presidents
How exciting the first moonwalk must have been
Did you know that the world’s most venomous snakes are found in Australia
Boy I’d love to be a veterinarian
Slide4Other uses for periods
Personal (J.F. Kennedy)
Titles (Mr. Laval)
Geographical terms (Oxnard, Calif., CA does not take a period)
Time (B.C., Oct., P.M.)
Note: Units of measurement except in. do not take periods (
tbsp
, 6
ft
)
Note: Acronyms don’t take periods (NATO)
Slide5Commas with items in a series
Commas separate items in a series.
The camp counselor distributed baseballs, bats, volleyballs, tennis rackets, and bandages.
The entertainers sang, danced, and juggled.
Slide6Commas with items in a series
Use commas to separate two more adjectives preceding a noun.
If the nouns can switch order AND you can use
and
between them, you need a comma.
I’ve had a long, tiring day.
For lunch we had smooth, creamy broccoli soup.
Slide7Complete exercise 3 on p. 320
Slide8Cooperative learning
After you have finished, compare your answers to those of a partner sitting near you.
Are the answers the same? If not, which answer is better. Discuss this until you come to a consensus.
Slide9Commas and independent clauses
Use a comma before the FANBOY conjunctions when combining independent clauses.
What is the difference in the sentences below?
Han brought charcoal and lighter fluid
, but
she forgot matches.
Han brought charcoal and lighter fluid but forgot matches.
Slide10Complete exercise 5 on p. 321
Slide11Nonessential clauses and phrases
What are these?
Use a comma to set off nonessential subordinate clauses and nonessential participle phrases.
Slide12Modeling Nonessential
Emilia Ortiz
, who lives across the street from me,
won a scholarship to Stanford University.
The capital of Massachusetts is Boston
, which is sometimes called the Athens of America.
Born in Detroit,
Robert Hayden was educated at the University of Michigan and later became a distinguished professor there.
Slide13Modeling Essential
Library books
that are lost or damaged
must be replaced.
The sophomores
who made the Honor Roll
were listed in the school newspaper.
Slide14You decide
Marla’s sister who attends Stanford University sent her a sweatshirt.
Slide15Complete exercise 6 on p. 323
Slide16Cooperative learning
After you have finished, compare your answers to those of a partner sitting near you.
Are the answers the same? If not, which answer is better. Discuss this until you come to a consensus.
Slide17Introductory Elements
Use a comma to set off mild exclamations.
Sure, I’ll go with you.
Oh, look at that car!
Use a comma after an introductory participle or participle phrase.
Calling for a time out, the referee blew his whistle.
Shivering, the couple hurried into the warm lobby.
Slide18Introductory elements
Use a comma after and introductory prepositional phrase if the phrase is long or if two or more phrases appear together.
During the long bus ride home,
we sang songs and told stories to amuse ourselves.
By the light of the harvest moon in September,
we went on an old-fashioned hayride.
Slide19Exceptions
A single, short introductory prepositional phrase is not followed by a comma unless the sentence is awkward without the comma.
In the book the writer develops a clever plot.
In the book, review page 236.
In the book review, the critic praised the writer’s clever plot.
By the way, do you have a copy of the book?
Slide20Introductory Elements
Use a comma after an introductory adverb clause.
When you’ve gone to this school for a while, you’ll know your way around.
After we claim our victory, we’ll celebrate at
Darci’s
Deli.
Note: An adverb clause at the end does not require a comma.
We’ll celebrate at
Darci’s
Deli after we claim our victory.
Slide21Complete exercise 8 on p. 328
Slide22Interrupters
Use commas to set off nonessential appositives and appositive phrases.
A former senator from Kansas
, Nancy Landon
Kassenbaum
,
was the principle speaker.
Do you know him
, the boy wearing the blue shirt
?
Slide23Place the commas if necessary
Have you read At Home in India a book by Cynthia Bowles?
On July 20 1969 Neil Armstrong one of the three astronauts on the Apollo 11 mission became the first person to walk on the moon.
My friend James helped me.
Speaking of movies have you seen the animated film
The Prince of Egypt
?
My brother Ben helped me.
My brother-in-law Reid lives with me.
Reid my brother-in-law lives with me.
Slide24Complete exercise 9 on p. 329
Slide25Interrupters
Use commas to set off words used in direct address.
Did you call me, Mother?
David, please close the door.
Yes, Mr. Ramos, I turned in my paper.
Slide26Interrupters
Use commas to set off parenthetical expressions, side remarks that add information or show a relationship between ideas.
(SEE BOX ON P. 331).
In fact, Emily Dickinson is my favorite poet.
You are, I hope, planning to arrive on time.
Emile Bronte, not her sister Charlotte, wrote
Wuthering Heights
.
Slide27Conventional commas
Separate items in dates and addresses
On Saturday, June 21, 2005, Robert moved to Miami, Florida, with his parents
.
See p. 359 for exceptions
Use after the salutation in a personal letter and after the closing
Dear Mark,
Sincerely,
Use to set off an abbreviation such as Jr., Sr., or M.D., that follows a person’s name.
Elena Moreno, M.D.
Slide28Don’t use too many commas
Remember, on the ACT you will have to take out as many commas as you put in.
Every comma has to have a reason for being there.
Slide29Cooperative learning
With a partner, complete Review E on p. 334. Be sure to discuss each comma rule before including a comma in the sentence.
Slide30Writing
Choose 4 comma rules. Write a sentence that utilizes each.
Slide31Ready for a comma quiz?
Slide32Semicolons
Use a semicolon between independent clauses that are closely related in thought and that are not joined by
FANBOYS conjunctions.
Everyone else in my family excels in a
particular sport;
I seem to be the only
exception.
The river is rising rapidly
;
it is expected to crest by noon.
Slide33Semicolons
Use a semicolon between independent clauses joined by a conjunctive
adverb or
a
transitional expression
.
Leonor is planning to become an
engineer
;
however, she is also interested in graphic design
.
Only two people registered for pottery lessons
;
as a result, the class was cancelled.
Slide34Commonly Used Conjunctive Adverbsp. 344
Accordingly
Also
Indeed
Otherwise
However
Nevertheless
Next
Furthermore
Moreover
Consequently
Still
Meanwhile
Besides
Instead
Then
Therefore
Slide35Transitional Expressionsp. 344
As a result
For example
In spite of
In conclusion
For instance
In other words
In fact
That is
Slide36Exceptions
Use a comma when one of these expressions comes within a clause
Ralph Ellison is best known for his 1952 novel,
Invisible Man;
he also, however, wrote short stories and essays.
In this case it is an interrupter.
Slide37Other uses for semicolons
You may need to use a semi-colon (rather than a comma) before
a FANBOYS conjunction
to join independent clauses that contain commas
.
Confusing:
June sat with Tony, Pat, and me, and Josh sat with Flora, Zack, and Geraldo
.
June
sat with Tony, Pat, and
me;
and Josh sat with Flora, Zack, and Geraldo.
Slide38Other uses for semicolons
Use a semicolon between items in a series if the items
contain commas.
Confusing:
In 1990, the three largest cities in the United States were New York, New York, Los Angeles, California, and Chicago, Illinois.
In
1990, the three largest cities in the United States were New York, New
York;
Los Angeles,
California;
and Chicago, Illinois.
Slide39Individual practice
Complete review A on p. 346.
Slide40Cooperative learning
After you have finished, compare your answers to those of a partner sitting near you.
Are the answers the same? If not, which answer is better. Discuss this until you come to a consensus.
Slide41Colons
Use a colon before a list of items, especially after expressions such as
the following
and
as follows
. What comes before the colon must be a complete thought
.
The only articles allowed in the examination area are as
follows:
pencils, compasses, rulers, and protractors
.
In Washington, D.C., we visited four important national sites: the White House, the Washington Monument, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, and the Lincoln Memorial.
Slide42Colons
Use a colon before a
formal statement
or quotation.
Katniss
shows her love for her family by trading her life for her
sister:
“I volunteer!” (Collins 22)
.
Thomas Paine’s first pamphlet in the series
The American Crisis s
tarts with these famous words:
These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in crisis, shrink from the service of their country.
Slide43Colons
Use a colon before a statement that
explains or clarifies a
preceding
statement.
He deserves a
raise:
He completed the project on schedule and under budget
.
Preston slapped his forehead: He had forgotten to put oregano in the sauce.
Slide44Conventional Uses of Colons
Time
Biblical References
Between a title and subtitle
After the salutation in a business letter
6:15
Psalms 8:9
I like Jazz: The essence of Billie Holiday
Dear Ms. Weinberg:
Slide45Individual practice
Page 351, Ex.
3
We will take these one at a time.
Take out your white boards. Write the word or number that precedes the missing or incorrect punctuation.
When I tell you to hold up your answers, hold them up, and we will discuss them.
Slide46Cooperative Learning
Complete chapter review A (1-20), p. 353 with a partner.
Make sure you agree on every answer.
Slide47Individual writing
Look at your comma rules and semicolon and colon rule handout.
Choose four colon and semicolon rules. Write a sentence that follows each rule.
Slide48Italics
Use italics (underlining) for titles and subtitles of books, plays, long poems, periodicals, works of art, movies, TV series, and long musical works and recordings.
Example:
The Hunger Games
has become a worldwide success.
See chart on p. 358
Slide49Italics
Use italics (underlining) for the names of ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft.
See chart on p. 359
Slide50Italics
Use italics (underlining) for words, letters, symbols, and numerals referred to as such and for foreign words that have not been adopted into English.
Example: The first
o
in
zoology
is pronounced with a long
o
sound.
I bid you
au revoir
.
Slide51Modeling Italics
I read an article in Sports Illustrated while I waited. I learned that the e in equestrian is actually pronounced with a short
i
sound.
Slide52Individual practice
Complete exercise 1 on p. 360
Slide53Cooperative learning
After you have finished, compare your answers to those of a partner sitting near you.
Are the answers the same? If not, which answer is better. Discuss this until you come to a consensus.
Slide54Quotation Marks
Use to enclose a
direct quote
, a person’s exact words.
Example: Joan said, “My legs are sore from jogging.”
Slide55Special rules with quotation marks
Rule 1
A directly quoted sentence begins with a
capital letter
. When an interrupting expression divides a quoted sentence into two parts, the second part begins with a
lowercase letter
.
“I hope,” said Diego, “that it doesn’t rain during the fiesta.”
Slide56Special rules with quotation marks
Rule 2
A direct quotation can be set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma, a question mark, or an exclamation point, but not by a
period.
“That’s easy!” Dot exclaimed.
Slide57Special rules with quotation marks
Rule 3
When used with quotation marks, other marks of punctuation are placed according to the following rules.
Commas and periods are placed inside the closing quotation marks.
“The concert tickets are sold out,” Mary said, “and I had really hoped to go.”
Colons and semicolons are placed outside the closing quotation marks.
The following students have been named “most likely to succeed”: Corey Brown and Sally Ling.
Slide58Discuss with a partner
Look at Note 3, bullet point 3. Discuss with a partner the difference between the final two sentences. Why are the question marks in different places?
“What time is the game tomorrow?” Mary asked.
Why did you shout, “It doesn’t matter”?
Slide59Answer
A question mark or exclamation point is placed inside the closing quotation marks if the quotation itself is a question or exclamation. Otherwise, a question mark or exclamation point is placed outside the closing quotation marks
.
“What time is the game tomorrow?” Mary asked.
Why did you shout, “It doesn’t matter”?
Slide60Punctuate the dialogue
What was that for he says, aghast.
You had no right! No right to go saying those things about me I shout at him.
Now the elevators open and the whole crew is there: Effie,
Haymitch
,
Cinna
and Portia.
What’s going on says Effie, a note of hysteria in her voice. Did you fall
After she
Peeta
paused shoved me.
Slide61Individual practice
Complete exercise 2 p. 363
Slide62Special rules with quotation marks
Rule 4
When you write dialogue (a conversation), begin a new paragraph every time the speaker
changes,
and enclose each speaker’s words with quotation marks.
A
man of
Merv
, well known as the home of complicated thinkers, ran shouting one night though the city’s streets. “Thief, Thief!” he cried.
The
people surrounded him, and when he was a little calmer asked, “Where was the
thief?”
“In my house.”
“
Did you see him?”
“No.”
Slide63Special rules with quotation marks
Rule 5
When
a quoted passage consists of more than one paragraph, put quotation marks at the beginning of each paragraph and at the end of the entire passage. Do not put quotation marks after any paragraph but the
last.
“
Now this car is one of our hottest sellers. It has bucket seats, a great stereo, and alloy wheels.
“
It’s also one of the safest cars on the road because of its heavy suspension and antilock brake system. It gets good gas
milage
too.
“All in all, I think this would be the perfect car for you.”
Slide64Quotation marks
Use quotation marks to enclose titles (including subtitles) of short works such as short stories, poems, essays, articles, songs, episodes of a TV series, and chapters and other parts of books or periodicals.
Example: “Jerry’s High School Reunion” is my favorite episode of
Seinfeld.
Slide65Quotation Marks
Use single quotation marks to enclose a quotation or title within a quotation.
Example: Ron said, “Dad yelled, ‘No way!’
”
Val asked, “Did you like my rendition of ‘America the Beautiful’?”
Slide66Quotation Marks
Use quotation marks to enclose
slang words,
technical terms, and unusual uses of words.
Example: My oldest brother said my
eyebrows
are “on
fleek
.
”
Slide67Cooperative learning
Complete review B on p. 367.
Discuss each answer with your partner to make sure you are correct.
Slide68Cooperative learning
After you have finished, compare your answers to those of a partner sitting near you.
Are the answers the same? If not, which answer is better. Discuss this until you come to a consensus.
Slide69Ellipsis Points
Use ellipsis points to mark omissions from quoted material.
Example: “The room overlooking the square had . . . a view of the chateau.”
When you omit words from the beginning of a sentence within a quoted passage, keep the previous sentence’s end punctuation and follow it with the points of the ellipsis.
Example: “The building was partly encircled by the old city walls. . . .[N]
ext
to the chateau was the town hall.”
Slide70Ellipsis Points
When you omit words at the end of a sentence within a quoted passage, keep the sentence’s end punctuation and follow it with the points of the ellipsis.
Example: “That building was an early-Renaissance confection of towers and turrets. . . .I remember that next to the chateau was the town hall.”
Use three ellipsis points to indicate a pause in written dialogue.
Example: “Yes, but . . . oh, well, all right,” she said.
Slide71Group practice with literature
Read the first paragraph.
Choose a sentence from which you can omit words. Use ellipsis points to illustrate your understanding of rule number 1.
Read the second paragraph.
Omit words based on ellipsis points rule number 2.
Repeat directions with the third and fourth paragraphs and the third and fourth ellipsis points rules.
Slide72Now let’s discuss the literature