Colons amp semicolons colons To the left of the colon you must have a complete sentenceindependent clause I need to purchase the following items parsnips carrots bread both rye and wheat and lettuce ID: 376468
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "punctuation" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
punctuationSlide2
Colons & semicolonsSlide3
colons
To the left of the colon, you must have a complete sentence/independent clause.
I need to purchase the following items: parsnips; carrots; bread, both rye and wheat; and lettuce.
Don’t put a colon if there’s a verb to the immediate
left because that guarantees that you don’t have a sentence to the left.
INCORRECT: I need
to purchase
:
INCORRECT: My favorites
are
: Slide4
SEMIcolons
To the left and right of the semicolon, you must have complete sentences/independent clauses.
My son, Samuel, is an amazing mathematician; however, I am terrible at math.
My son, Samuel, is an amazing mathematician; I am terrible at math.
Use semicolons to separate items in a series if even one item has a comma.
I need to purchase the following items: parsnips; carrots; bread, both rye and wheat; and lettuce.Slide5
commasSlide6
Commas in a series
Ex.
Jack bought a cute and fluffy and sweet puppy.
Jack bought a cute, fluffy and sweet puppy.
BUT . . .
Jack bought a seven-month-old puppy.
(The puppy is not seven, and month and old.)Slide7
Commas with non-restrictive elements
Ex.
Patricia Garza, my accountant, is on vacation.
(“My accountant” is not necessary to clarifying who Patricia Garza is. “Patricia Garza” is sufficiently specific. )
Ex.
My oldest sister, Susan, is my best friend.
(“Susan” is not necessary to clarifying who my oldest sister is. I can only have one oldest sister.)Slide8
Commas with restrictive elements
Ex.
Accountants who rob their clients should not be able to go on vacation.
(“who rob their clients” IS necessary to clarifying which accountants we’re discussing. Not ALL accountants, but rather only those who rob their clients. We cannot frame this clause with commas.)
Ex.
Sisters in the Effinger family are often best friends.
(“In my family” IS necessary to clarifying which sisters we’re discussing. Not ALL sisters.)Slide9
Commas with CITY AND STATE
Ex.
I am from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, where my family still lives.
(Place a comma after the city AND the state.)
Slide10
Commas with introductory phrases/clauses
Ex.
When our taxes are due, we have to file our returns.
(“When our taxes are due” is an introductory clause that needs to be set off from the main sentence (
subj
: “we” and verb “have.”)
(“When our taxes are due” is a dependent clause, and “we have to file our returns” is an independent clause, so DC, IC.)
Slide11
Commas when joining two complete sentences with a coordinating conjunction
Coordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or yet, so (
FANBOYS)
Ex.
O
ur taxes are due,
so
we have to file our returns.
Ex.
Our taxes are due,
and
we have to file our returns.Slide12
apostrophesSlide13
apostrophes
Ex.
The children’s toys are not exclusively boys’ toys or girls’ toys, but they are everyone’s toys.
The toys of the children = children’s toys
The toys of the boys = boys’ toys
The toys of the girls = girls’ toys
The toys of everyone = everyone’s toysSlide14
QUOTATION MARKsSlide15
Quotation marks
Question marks and exclamation marks go inside & outside quotation marks, depending on the context.
Joe asked, “Where are the flowers?”
Where are the “rug rats”?
Periods and commas go inside quotation marks. Always.
According to Smith, “we should ‘wear our notions of identity lightly.’”
“You are not the baby’s father,” Felicia said, “nor am I the baby’s mother.”
Semicolons and colons go outside quotation marks. Always.
My grandmother always said, “success depends on hard work”; “when life gives you lemons, make lemonade”; and “stop whining and get to work.”Slide16
hyphensSlide17
hyphens
Hyphenate compound adjectives—adjectives you have built by joining two or more words.
Joe bought a seven-month-old puppy.
Joe bought a six- to seven-month-old puppy.
The task must be done by him- or herself.
Do not hyphenate adverbs modifying adjectives.
The clothing we donated was lightly worn.
Hyphenate numbers between twenty-one and ninety-nine.
Next Thursday, my grandmother will be eighty-nine. For an eighty-nine-year-old woman, she is quite spry.
Slide18
dashesSlide19
dashes
Dashes are used to set off parentheticals. As such, they usually come in pairs.
I love writers—Hemingway and Faulkner, among others—because their work brings me such pleasure.
Do not include the second dash if the sentence ends where the second dash would go.
I love writers—Hemingway and Faulkner, among others.
Slide20
PUNCTUATION QUIZ
#1: Dogs
who do not have their up-to-date shots should not be allowed in the dog park and their owner(s) should be fined.
Place
a comma after "dogs."
Remove
the hyphens in "up-to-date."
Place
a comma after "park."
Correct
as written. Slide21
PUNCTUATION QUIZ
#2: Dr
. Wilson was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, on a dark and stormy night, but she now lives in San Marcos, Texas, where "the sun always shines, and everyone is happy".
Remove
the commas after "Oklahoma" and "
Texas."
Insert
a comma after "dark."
Place
the period inside the quotation mark.
Correct
as written.Slide22
PUNCTUATION QUIZ
#3: Betsy
Roof, painter extraordinaire, has produced her greatest masterpiece to date: a seascape featuring dolphins, whales, and manatees, all frolicking together--like children playing--in the moonlight.
Remove
the colon after "date."
B
. Replace the commas after dolphins, whales, and manatees with semicolons.
C
. Replace the dashes with
comma.
D
. CORRECT AS WRITTEN. Slide23
PUNCTUATION QUIZ
#4: Despite
the delay due to bad weather, the volunteers from San Marcos, Texas, finally delivered to the victims of the Moore tornado a donation of lightly used children's toys, to which the children exclaimed, "Thank you, Texas"!
Hyphenate
"lightly used."
"
Children's" should be "
childrens
.'"
The
exclamation point should go inside the quotation mark.
D. Correct as written Slide24
PUNCTUATION QUIZ
#5: Whenever
I am writing five long papers for my courses, I wish professors who require twenty-five-page papers could be required to write their own; however taxing that may be.
Place
commas after "professors" and "papers
.”
Remove
the hyphen between "five" and "page
.”
Remove
the
semicolon.Correct as written.Slide25
PUNCTUATION QUIZ
#6: My mother-in-law Charlene, is coming for a visit on July 4, 2013, but no one in my household, except me, will be there, so I, and I alone, must now think of fun activities that do not require going outside, spending money, or eating spicy food.
Place
a comma after "law
.”
Remove
the comma after "2013
.”
Remove
the comma after "there
.”
Correct as written.Slide26
PUNCTUATION QUIZ
#7: At
the neighborhood party, the wind blew so hard that the ladies' hats flew away, the children's kites broke their lines, and everyone's day was ruined.
"
Ladies'" should be "Lady's"
B
. "Children's" should be "
childrens
'”
C.
"everyone's" should be "
everyones'" D. Correct as writtenSlide27
PUNCTUATION QUIZ
#8: Even
in the twenty-first century, some people continue to own old, outdated and fuel guzzling cars that pollute the air, waste fuel and waste money, but these idiots do not seem to care; I, however, find their actions reprehensible.
Place
a hyphen between "first" and "century
.”
B
. there should be a hyphen between "fuel" and "guzzling."
C
. The semicolon after "care" should be a period.
D
. Correct as written.Slide28
PUNCTUATION QUIZ
#9: The
requirements for becoming a member of the
Kiwanas
are: payment of the $200 dues, which is reduced to $150 after a five-year membership; attendance at the orientation that is always scheduled for the first week of August; and a recommendation from another
Kiwana
.
Remove
the colon after "are."
B
. Replace the semicolons with
commas.C. Place a comma after "orientation." D
. Correct as written.Slide29
PUNCTUATION QUIZ
#10: Wrestlers
, who bite their opponents, should be fined; however, the sport, as well as the wrestlers themselves, is so popular that no one enforces the rules, and the violence continues.
Remove
the comma after "wrestlers."
B
. Remove the commas after "wrestlers" and "opponents."
C
. Replace the semicolon with a comma
.
D
. Correct as written.