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Fig 3The thoracic esophagus descending in the mediastinumalong the left side of the descending thoracic aorta Fig 4Inverted position in the structures of the abdomen Thestomach is on the right. Posteriorly. by the . thoracic part of the vertebral column. Boundaries. Anteriorly. by . the sternum and costal cartilages . Laterally. by . the ribs and intercostal spaces. Superiorly . by . the . Benign tumors:. benign epithelial tumors ( papilloma, adenoma) are relatively rare and much less common than benign non epithelial tumors which arise from the wall of esophagus (GIST , lipomas). We should take multiple biopsies for diagnosis, which also include EUS and barium study.. I. For undergraduate. Staff Members of Cardio-thoracic Surgery Departments. Egypt. DYSPHAGIA. Dysphagia. . is difficulty in swallowing . (functional or organic. ).. Odynophagia. is painful dysphagia.. – . II. For undergraduate. Staff Members of Cardio-thoracic Surgery Departments. Egypt. HIATUS HERNIA. Definition. :. Protrusion of any part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus into the thorax. . Alan Chu. March 13, 2013. Anatomy. 18 – 26cm from UES to LES. Esophageal wall layers. Mucosa, . submucosa. , . muscularis. . propia. , adventitia. Proximal 33% skeletal muscle, middle 35-40% mixed, distal 50-60% smooth muscle. Objectives. Describe the shape and outline of . the . thoracic cage . including . inlet . and. . outlet. .. Describe the . anatomical . landmarks of . the . anterior chest. . wall. .. List various structures . Barretts Esophagus Introduction Barretts esophagus is a condition in which columnar cells replace the usual squamous cell in the of theesophagus The condition is recognized as a complication o Structural (mechanical) obstruction. . Functional obstruction (disruption of the coordinated waves of peristaltic contractions) --------- Esophageal . dysmotility. Esophageal . dysmotility. :. - Nutcracker esophagus. Dr.. Navin Kumar. Assistant Professor. Anatomy. Relations. …. Right side- mediastinal pleura & terminal part of azygous vein. Left side- left subclavian artery, aortic arch, thoracic duct, mediastinal pleura. Dx. The Manual Therapy Institute. Anatomy. Less mobile… Why?. Typical & Atypical Levels (T1 & T12) . Narrowing of the spinal canal T4-T9. Tension Point = T6. Articulations with ribs. Thoracic Facet Orientation. Corrosive stricture. &. Perforation of Esophagus . Dr . Saurabh. . Pathak. Professor. Dept. of Surgery. The primitive foregut forms during the fourth week of gestation by a longitudinal folding and incorporation of the dorsal part of the yolk sac into the embryo.. Esophageal Cancer: Introduction The incidence of esophageal cancer is on the rise with over 12,000 Americans developing this disease each year(Figure 2). Variations in the incidence of esoph Zaki. . bettamer. Zikoecho@yahoo.com. Case. 23 years old male presented 4 days history sharp, stabbing chest pain increased by inspiration and when he is in supine position and improved by sitting upright foreword, his past medical history is free apart from history of acute febrile illness one week back. . Asses. Prof. Dr. . Rafid. . majeed. . Esophagus . The esophagus is the connecting tube between the pharynx and stomach that functions to transport . food , fluids and saliva.. The 3 portion of the esophagus .