HUMAN HEART jantung Lukis jantung 4 segi Bahagi kepada 4 bahagian atas lebih kecil Lukis 4 salur darah Label 4 salur darah Label atrium amp ventrikel ID: 800007
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Slide1
Chapter 2: Blood circulation
Slide2Slide3HUMAN HEART
Slide4Slide5Slide6jantung
Lukis jantung 4 segiBahagi
kepada
4
bahagian
(
atas
lebih
kecil
)
Lukis
4
salur
darah
Label 4
salur
darah
Label atrium &
ventrikel
Label
salur
darah
dari
mana
nak
ke
mana
Label
tekanan
(
tinggi
atau
rendah
)
pada
salur
darah
Lukis
anak
panah
pergerakan
darah
(
mula
dari
VC)
Label oxygenated & deoxygenated blood
pada
semua
salur
darah
Label
Triscupid
valve,
semilunar
valve & bicuspid valve)
Slide7FUNCTION
The heart functions as strong muscular pump to:collect
deoxygenated blood
(lacking oxygen) from the rest of the body. Then, this blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs to enriched with oxygen.
Collect
oxygenated blood
(enriched with oxygen) from the lungs. Then this blood is pumped out of the heart to be transported throughout the body.
the heart also plays a role in the human circulatory system to:
transport
nutrients and oxygen
to the body
transport
excretory products
such as carbon dioxide, urea and water from the body cells to be removed from the body.
Slide8SIMPLE Human heart
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
VC
A
PA
PV
BLOOD CIRCULATION
Salur
darah
- VC-PA-A-PV
Artery-blood out of the heart, HP, lumen-small, vein – blood into heart, LP, lumen-large
Valve –
tv
,
sv
,
sv
,
bv
.
H – L – H – pulmonary circulation
H-ALL-H – systemic circulation
Slide9MY HEART
Slide10Heart
Slide11T
hree types of valves.
bicuspid valve
(or mitral valve) controls the
one way blood flow
from the
left atrium to the left ventricle
.
The tricuspid valve
controls the
one way blood flow
from the
right atrium to the right ventricle
.
The
semilunar
valve
controls the
one way blood flow
from the
left ventricle to the aorta
as well as from the
right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
.
Slide12Three types of valves
Slide13MY HEART
Slide14Slide15Slide16Blood Vessel
Artery
Arteries transport blood from the heart.
Arteries have thick, muscled wall which are elastic to withstand
the high blood pressure
inside.
The
aorta is the largest artery
. Its transport blood out of the heart. The aorta branches to form arteries.
Vein
veins transport blood into the heart.
Veins have thin walls, are less muscular and elastic.
The
vena cava is the largest vein
. It transports blood back to the heart.
blood capillary
capillaries connect arteries to veins.
A capillary is a
very fine
blood vessel. It has a permeable membrane that is very thin, as it is only
one cell thick
. This facilitates the exchange of gases, digested food and excretory products through its walls.
Slide17Blood vessel
PMR 04, 05
Artery
Vein
Blood
Capillary
Slide18BLOOD VESSEL IN HUMAN
Slide19Blood vessel
Slide20Blood vessel
Slide21Blood vessel
Slide22Slide23Blood circulation
PMR 04, 06, 07
pulmonary circulation
pulmonary circulation consists of blood vessels that transport blood from the
lungs to the heart and vice versa.
The function of pulmonary circulation is to ensure that blood with insufficient oxygen receives a fresh supply oxygen in the lung.
systemic circulation
systemic circulation consists of all blood vessels involved in the transport of blood from the
heart to all parts of the body, except the lungs and back to the heart again
.
Slide24Slide25PMR 2004
Kota
Bharu
/ Kota Lama
Slide26PMR 2004
Slide27Blood circulation
Slide28Blood circulation
Slide29Blood Circulation
BLOOD CIRCULATION
Salur
darah
- VC-PA-A-PV
Artery-blood out of the heart, HP, lumen-small, vein – blood into heart, LP, lumen-large
Valve –
tv
,
sv
,
sv
,
bv
.
H – L – H – pulmonary circulation
H-ALL-H – systemic circulation
Slide30Blood contents
blood plasma
PMR 05
contains blood cells and dissolved substances such as minerals salts, digested food and gases.
Plasma is the fluid component of blood which is light yellow.
red blood cells
red blood cells have no nuclei.
-
known as erythrocytes
white blood cells
-
White blood cells have nuclei.
- known as leucocytes.
platelets (blood clotting cells)
platelets are small bits of cells in the blood that do not have nuclei.
Known as
thrombocytes
.
Slide31The types, functions and places of production as well as destruction of blood cells
.
Type
red blood cell
white blood cell
platelet
estimated size
8 µ m
10 µ m
2 – 3 µ m
presence of nucleus
no nucleus
have nucleus
no nucleus
Function
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
protects body from bacteria attack
helps clotting of blood
place of production
short bone marrow such as rib and sternum
bone marrow and lymph node
bone marrow
place of destruction
liver and lymph
circulation of blood
circulation of blood
life span
120 days
a few days to many months
10
days
number per cubic millimetre (mm )
about 5 million
about 7 million
about 250 thousand
Slide32Slide33Blood group
Blood group
can donate blood
to
can receive blood
from
AB
AB
AB, A, O, B
A
A , AB
A, O
B
B, AB
B, O
O
AB, A, B, O
O
Compatibility of blood among blood donors and recipients using ABO identification system
PMR 06
The O blood type is known as a
universal donor
.
The AB blood type is known as a
universal recipient.
Slide34Human blood groups
Slide35Slide36Transport system in plant
PMR 08
Slide37Phloem and Xylem
Phloem – outer – food ( s r )
Xylem –
inner
– water & mineral ( r
s )
A waxy white or colorless solid hydrocarbon mixture used to make candles, wax paper, lubricants, and sealing materials. Also called
paraffin
wax
Slide38PMR 2010
The phloem tissues have been removed.
The ring become
swollen (upper part)
.
GLUCOSE could not be transported downwards to other parts of the plant.
Slide39Slide40Slide41Light
Humidity
Air movement
temperature
Slide42Test presence of water
Anhydrous copper
sulphate
(white
blue
)
Anhydrous Cobalt chloride paper
(
Blue
pink
)
The effects
of impurities on the physical characteristics of water
Boil at a temperature above 100ºC
freeze at a temperature below 0ºC
Slide43Slide44Wilting
When water enters the cells of a plant, it exerts pressure against the cell wall.
The cell become
swollen or turgid and provide support
the plant.
When a
plant
loses
more water than it absorbs, the cell
s
of the plant lose their turgidity and become soft or
flaccid.
The flaccid cells are not able to support the plant ad so it wilts.
Slide45Transpiration
Transpiration is a process in which
water is lost
in the form of water. The water vapour evaporates from the leaves of plants through stomata..
Slide46Slide47Transpiration
Water evaporates from leaves through small openings on the leaves. The small openings are called
stomata.
Small opening is enclosed by two kidney-shaped guard cells.
Close its stomata on hot day to reduce the loss of water by transpiration.
Important: to remove excess water
Slide48Transpiration
Transpirasi
berlaku
apabila
stoma
terbuka
. 90% air
tersejat
(evaporates)
daripada
tumbuhan
melalui
liang
stoma. Gas
oksigen
dan karbon dioksida
masuk dan keluar melalui stoma. Dipetik
dari buku teks Sains Tingkatan
2 m/s 125 Tahun 2002
Slide49Factors Transpiration
The transpiration rate increase when thetemperature
increases
-
more rapidly in the higher temperature
light intensity
increases
-
more rapidly in the presence of light
wind
speed increases-
more rapidly in windy condition
humidity
decreases-
more rapidly in lower humidity
A photometer is an apparatus which is used to measure the rate of transpiration in plants. (
bubble photometer and weight photometer
)
PMR 08
Slide50Slide51MOGA DAPAT `A’ STRONG DALAM PKBS, TRIAL & PMR 2013
Selamat Berjaya 3 Al-Zahrawi 2013
Slide52Penutup
2. Tasbih Kifarah.
1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr