Arteries, Veins, and Special Circulation - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Arteries, Veins, and Special Circulation

Anatomy

Ch. 11 Part 3Slide2

Major Arteries

Aorta: largest artery in the body, arises from the left ventricle of the heart

Parts of the aorta

Ascending aorta: leaves the heart

Aortic arch: arches toward the left side of the body

Thoracic aorta: part that continues downward through the thorax

Abdominal aorta: part that continues into the abdomenSlide3
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Arterial branch of the ascending aorta

Right and left coronary arteries

heartSlide5

Arterial branches of the aortic arch

Brachiocephalic trunk

Right common carotid artery (brain)

Right subclavian artery (right arm)

Left common carotid artery

Left internal carotid (brain)

Left external carotid (skin and muscles of the head and neck)

Left subclavian artery

Vertebral artery (brain)

Axillary artery (major artery of the arm)

Brachial artery (arm)

Radial and ulnar arteries (forearm)Slide6

Arterial branches of the thoracic aorta

Intercostal arteries (muscles of thorax walls)

Bronchial arteries (lungs)

Esophageal arteries (esophagus)

Phrenic arteries (diaphragm)Slide7

Arterial branches of the abdominal aorta

Celiac trunk

Left gastric artery (stomach)

Splenic artery (spleen)

Common hepatic artery (liver)

Superior mesenteric (most of the small intestine and first half of the large intestine)

Renal arteries (kidneys)

Right and left gonadal arteries (gonads)Slide8

Lumbar arteries (muscles of the abdomen and trunk walls)

Inferior mesenteric artery (second half of the large intestine)

Right and left common iliac arteries

Internal iliac artery (pelvic organs like the bladder and rectum)Slide9

External iliac artery

Femoral artery (thigh)

Popliteal artery (knee)

Anterior and posterior

tibial

arteries (leg and foot)

Dorsalis

pedis

artery (foot)

Arcuate artery (bottom of the foot)Slide10
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Veins

Arteries are general located in deep well protected body areas.

Veins are more superficial

Veins are more easily seen

Most veins follow the course of major arteries

The naming of most veins is identical to that of their companion arteriesSlide12

Major Veins

All veins converge on the vena cava which enters the right atrium of the heart

Veins draining the head and arms empty into the superior vena cava

Veins draining the lower body empty into the inferior vena cavaSlide13
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Veins and the areas they drain (superior)

Radial and

ulnar

veins: forearm

Brachial vein: arm

Cephalic vein: lateral aspect of the arm

Basilic

vein: medial aspect of the arm

Medial

cubital

vein: arm, site for blood removal for blood testing

Subclavian

vein: armSlide15

External jugular vein: skin and muscles of the head

Vertebral vein: posterior part of the head

Internal jugular vein:

dural

sinuses of the brain

Brachiocephalic

veins: receive blood from the

subclavian

, vertebral, and internal jugular veins

Azygos

vein: thoraxSlide16

Veins and the areas they drain (inferior)

Anterior and posterior

tibial

veins and fibular veins: calf and foot

Popliteal

vein: knee

Femoral vein: thigh

Great

saphenous

veins: longest in the body, superficial leg

Iliac veins: pelvis

Right and left

gonadal

veins: gonadsSlide17

Renal veins: kidneys

Hepatic portal vein: digestive tract organs, carries the blood through the liver before it enters circulation

Hepatic veins: liverSlide18
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Special Circulations

Arterial supply of the brain and the circle of Willis

Internal carotid arteries

run through the neck and enter the skull through the temporal bone

Once inside the cranium, each divides into cerebral arteries which supply most of the cerebrumSlide20

Basilar artery

Forms from combined vertebral arteries

Serves the brain stem and cerebellum

Cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)

The anterior and posterior blood supplies of the brain are united to form a complete circle of connecting blood vessels which surrounds the base of the brain

Protects the brain by providing more than one route for blood to reach the brain in case of blockage anywhere in the brain

The carotid, cerebral, and basilar arteries make up the circle of WillisSlide21
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Fetal Circulation

Because the lungs and digestive system are not functioning in the fetus all nutrient, excretory, and gas exchange occur through the placenta

The umbilical cord contains 3 blood vessels:

Umbilical vein: carries blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus

Umbilical arteries: carry CO

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and debris from the fetus to the placentaSlide23

As blood flows toward the heart of the fetus most of it bypasses the immature liver through the

ductus

venosus

Because the fetal lungs are nonfunctional and collapsed, 2 shunts ensure that they are almost entirely bypassed.

Foramen

ovale

: allows blood to pass from the right atrium directly into the left atrium.

Fossa

ovalis

: remnant after birth

Ductus

arteriosus

: allows blood that enters the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk to pass directly into the aorta.

Ligamentum

arteriosum

: remnant after birthSlide24
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Hepatic portal circulation

The veins of this circulation drain the digestive organs, spleen, and pancreas and delivers this blood to the liver through the hepatic portal vein

The liver is a key body organ involved in maintaining proper glucose, fat, and protein concentrations in blood.

This circulation ensures that the liver processes these substances before they enter circulation Slide26

As blood flows through the liver some of the nutrients are stored and processed for later release to blood.

The liver is drained by hepatic veins

This system is unique because it is veins rather than arteries that feed circulationSlide27

Major vessels of hepatic portal circulation

Inferior mesenteric: terminal large intestine

Splenic

: spleen, pancreas, left side of the stomach

Superior mesenteric: small intestine and first part of the colon

Left gastric: right side of the stomachSlide28