ProcessingSpeech NLP and the Web Lecture 31Inside and Outside probabilities PCFG training start of phonetics and phonology Pushpak Bhattacharyya CSE Dept IIT Bombay 29 th March 2011 ID: 809086
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CS460/626 : Natural Language Processing/Speech, NLP and the Web(Lecture 31–Inside and Outside probabilities; PCFG training; start of phonetics and phonology)
Pushpak Bhattacharyya
CSE Dept.,
IIT
Bombay
29
th
March, 2011
Slide2PCFG: inside and outside probabilities
Slide3Inside probability β
Sentence probability
Slide4Calculation of β
Slide5Outside probability α
Sentence probability
Slide6Calculation of α
Slide7PCFG Training
Slide8EM Algorithm for training
Slide9Phonetics and Phonology
Slide10Morphology to Phonology: an exerciseThe plural morpheme:-s:/s/ (cats)/z/ (dogs)/iz/ (bushes)
Which sound
should occur
where?
Slide11Phonetics and PhonologyPhonetics: The study of speech soundsArticulatoryAcousticAuditoryPhonology: the structure and patterning of soundsPhonetic Transcription:
A writing system for representing speech sounds
Slide12The need for phonetic transcriptionEccentricity of English SpellingPut/PuttCar/KiteRough/PuffFish can be spelt ‘ghoeti’. How
?
A language for talking about other/newly discovered languages
New languages
without a writing system are discovered often
Slide13Slide14ClassificationManner of articulationPlace of articulationVoicedness
Slide15Stops/p/ - voiceless bilabial/b/ - voiced bilabial/t/ - voiceless alveolar/d/ - voiced alveolar/k/ - voiceless velar/g/ - voiced velar
Slide16Fricatives/f//v//th//dh//s//sh/
/
zh
/
/h/
Slide17Affricates/ch//jh/
Slide18Nasals/m//n//ng/
Slide19Slide20The plural soundCats, racks … /s/dogs, rags … /z/Bushes, classes … /iz/Hypotheses?
Slide21A kudo to each of you!Kudos: pronounced with an /s/ sound at the endMisinterpreted as a pluralOne kudo, many kudosPronunciation becomes kudo/z/!